* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Bacteria Notes
Survey
Document related concepts
Lyme disease microbiology wikipedia , lookup
Globalization and disease wikipedia , lookup
Horizontal gene transfer wikipedia , lookup
History of virology wikipedia , lookup
Quorum sensing wikipedia , lookup
Germ theory of disease wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids wikipedia , lookup
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Bacteria Our invisible friends Germ Theory of Disease Joseph Lister – Aseptic Techniques Robert Koch – Germ Theory A specific microorganism causes a specific disease Bacteria are prokaryotes Pro – before Karyon – nucleus The simplest forms of life are prokaryotes. Earth’s first cells were prokaryotes. Lots of Them! Prokaryotes are Earth’s most abundant life forms. They can survive in many environments. They can get energy from many different sources. Prokaryote Review Mostly single-celled No nucleus or organelles Circular chromosomes Cell walls Reproduce mostly asexually Anaerobic or aerobic Heterotrophic or autotrophic Archaebacteria Methane producers – anaerobic Halophiles Halo = salt Philia = love Thermophiles Thermo = heat Eubacteria Parasitic heterotrophs (Streptococcus) Saprophages Sapro = death Phage = eat Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic autotrophs (Rhizobium) Bacteria Structure Chromosomes – found in cytoplasm Pili – hairlike structures made of protein; help bacteria attach to surfaces Capsule – layer outside cell wall; protects cell from white blood cells and antibiotics; keeps the cell from drying out Bacteria Structure Bacteria are Named by Shape Cocci (ball-shaped) Streptococcus mutans Bacillus (rod-shaped) Clostridium botulinum Spirilli (spiral-shaped) Treponema palladium Bacteria Reproduction Binary fission – asexual; division of bacteria into two identical cells Conjugation – sexual; two prokaryotes attach to each other and exchange genetic material; creates diversity among bacteria Bacteria Reproduction Bacteria Reproduction Why do we need bacteria? Our bodies use bacteria – not harmful; help prevent harmful bacteria from causing disease Foods – cheese, pickles yogurt all made with bacteria Medicines – make antibiotics such as penicillin Disease Causing Bacteria Only a small percentage of bacteria is harmful Cause disease in two ways: 1. multiply quickly so the body cannot defend itself ex. STDs, strep throat, acne 2. secrete a toxin that can be harmful ex. Cavities – use sugar for energy and secrete acid which can harm teeth