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Endosafe®-PTS™ Gram ID for Rapid Gram Positive and Negative
Endosafe®-PTS™ Gram ID for Rapid Gram Positive and Negative

... The PTS™ Gram ID is a fast, simple test that measures the presence of the cell walls in a microbial isolate. The measurement is interpreted by the software to indicate whether a sample contains Gram-negative or -positive bacteria or yeasts/molds. Eliminating technician variability that can occur in ...
Virulence factors of enteropathogenic Escherichia co/i
Virulence factors of enteropathogenic Escherichia co/i

... heat-stable enterotoxins which induced fluid secretion in this system. These toxins were distinct from LT and ST of ETEC strains and there was a correlation in this assay between the potency of the toxin and the severity of the disease caused by a particular strain of EPEC. Although the results from ...
histophilus somni - Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Murcia
histophilus somni - Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Murcia

... be carriers of non-pathogenic variants of the organism, mainly in the genital mucosa. The causes of these differences in virulence between strains are not defined. Several determinants of virulence of the pathogen are proposed. However, many of these factors cannot be clearly related to clinical dis ...
Burkholderia pseudomallei: AN UPDATE ON DISEASE
Burkholderia pseudomallei: AN UPDATE ON DISEASE

... Despite several decades of clinical research, the mortality rate for melioidosis remains high. Genomics-based studies have demonstrated the plasticity of the B. pseudomallei genome and the coding sequences consists of a myriad of functions that enable the bacteria to adapt to these hostile environme ...
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - Beck-Shop
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - Beck-Shop

... The search for the etiological agents for destructive periodontal disease has been in progress for over 100 years. However, until recently, there were few consensus periodontal pathogens. Some of the reasons for the uncertainty in defining periodontal pathogens were determined by the following circu ...
Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella
Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella

... Abstract – Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause characteristic hostrestricted hemotropic infections in mammals and are typically transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. In the mammalian reservoir, these bacteria initially infect a yet unrecognized primary niche, which s ...
Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella species
Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella species

... Abstract – Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause characteristic hostrestricted hemotropic infections in mammals and are typically transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. In the mammalian reservoir, these bacteria initially infect a yet unrecognized primary niche, which s ...
All Vaccines Are Dangerous
All Vaccines Are Dangerous

... must provide some context. Disease attributed to H. influenzae type B, like pneumococcal ...
Haemophilus influenzae and the complement system
Haemophilus influenzae and the complement system

... is also catalyzed by sialyltransferases, and several types have been characterized in H. influenzae. The main one is Lic3A, which is involved in serum resistance and also essential for bacterial survival in an animal model of otitis media [53, 57]. Furthermore, the complement system has a central ro ...
Insights on the interaction between  macrophages  Haemophilus parasuis  
Insights on the interaction between  macrophages  Haemophilus parasuis  

... upper  respiratory  tract  of  healthy  pigs  and  the  etiological  agent  of  Glässer’s  disease.  Differences  in  virulence  among  H.  parasuis  strains  have  been  widely  observed  by  different  tests,  including  in  vivo  infections  and  in  vitro  phagocytosis  assays with porcine alveo ...
Potential Transmission of Bartonella Species by Ticks Sarah Arnao
Potential Transmission of Bartonella Species by Ticks Sarah Arnao

... (Under the direction of Michael G. Levy and Edward B. Breitschwerdt). ...
Mosaic 545 - Infinity Medical Engineering
Mosaic 545 - Infinity Medical Engineering

... Time is Critical When a patient presents with an infection during emergency or intensive care, blood culture can be a race against time. The typical process of pathogen identification in blood takes at least 24 hours. Current methods include culture techniques using agar plates and culture mediums ( ...
Identification of signaling pathways important for Borrelia burgdorferi
Identification of signaling pathways important for Borrelia burgdorferi

... subsequently named Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) sensu stricto, is the main causative agent ...
ZOONOSES –PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND ANIMAL HEALTH
ZOONOSES –PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND ANIMAL HEALTH

... zoonotic cycles between vertebrate hosts and tick vectors [1] and most zoonotic species are maintained in wildlife reservoirs. Various Babesia species have been detected in a wide range of different mammal species [1]. However, the occurrence in natural mammal hosts is still incompletely known for s ...
Bordetella Pertussis
Bordetella Pertussis

... materials formed during bacterial growth ; growth takes 48- 72 hours, bisected pearls or ...
Role of Special Histochemical Stains in Staining
Role of Special Histochemical Stains in Staining

... however, histochemical stains do not offer an advantage over H&E in the visualization of viruses and immunohistochemistry is the preferred method for this purpose. Histochemical stains also help to identify and classify bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The Giemsa and Gram’s stains help to visualize bac ...
2. Equine Periodontal Anatomy
2. Equine Periodontal Anatomy

... inflammatory cells such as neutrophils in the lamina propria (Fig 7) and adjacent connective tissues ...
Genetic modification of a vaginal strain of L actobacillus fermentum
Genetic modification of a vaginal strain of L actobacillus fermentum

... flora in a wide variety of Moreover, they are harmless commensals, devoid of pathogenic potential. To be useful as vaccine vehicles, lactobacilli need to carry and express foreign antigens. The genetic modification of lactobacilli only became a practical proposition in 1988 when electroporation was ...
intestinal colonization, microbiota, and probiotics
intestinal colonization, microbiota, and probiotics

... and commensals.21 Intracellular signalling pathways of TLRs result in production of proinflammatory cytokines through activation of the transcription nuclear factor ␬B. These gut microbiota impact healthy immunophysiologic regulation, contributing to the anti-inflammatory tone in the gut. Indeed, se ...
Biochemical and molecular characterization of putative immunoprotective molecules of the soft
Biochemical and molecular characterization of putative immunoprotective molecules of the soft

... Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ecto-parasites that transmit pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. They parasitize mammals, birds, amphibians and occasionally reptiles (Sonenshine, 1991). Tick-borne diseases greatly impact both human and animal health (Estrada-Peña & Jongejan ...
Clostridium Clostridium is a genus of Gram
Clostridium Clostridium is a genus of Gram

... Clostridium perfringens is the most common bacterial agent for gas gangrene, which is necrosis, putrefaction of tissues, and gas production. It is caused primarily by Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin. The gases form bubbles in muscle (crepitus) and the characteristic smell in decomposing tissue. ...
ID_299_Special- clinical- ecological _English_sem_5
ID_299_Special- clinical- ecological _English_sem_5

... Each of the following statements concerning infection with Chlamydia psittaci is correct EXCEPT: C psittaci can be isolated by growth in cell culture and will not grow in blood agar The organism appears purple in Gram-stained smears of sputum The infection is more readily diagnosed by serologic test ...
Streptococcus and enterococcus
Streptococcus and enterococcus

... resembles that of Staphylococcus aureus, but the clinical characteristics associated with these two groups of pyogenic cocci are often distinct. Similarities and differences can be explained by the virulence factors expressed by the two species. ...
Probiotics and Antibiotics - Should they be Given Together? - Bio-Kult
Probiotics and Antibiotics - Should they be Given Together? - Bio-Kult

... antibiotics suffer from diarrhoea. As well as being an unpleasant side effect, it can in some cases, lead to chronic or persistent diarrhoea. It is estimated that 25% of cases of AAD are caused by Clostridium difficile. Infection with this pathogen can lead to colitis and is a common complication of ...
Primer 01 Microbiology 101
Primer 01 Microbiology 101

... Clostridium perfringens • C. perfringens (arrows) in a mixed culture with E. coli and K. pneumoniae. • This is one of the most common species of Clostridium isolated from clinical specimens. • C. perfringens spores are almost never seen; rods are described as “boxcar shaped” or rectangular and are ...
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Lyme disease microbiology



Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia, which has at least 37 known species, 12 of which are Lyme related, and an unknown number of genomic strains. Borrelia species known to cause Lyme disease are collectively known as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.Borrelia are microaerophilic and slow-growing—the primary reason for the long delays when diagnosing Lyme disease—and have been found to have greater strain diversity than previously estimated. The strains differ in clinical symptoms and/or presentation as well as geographic distribution.Except for Borrelia recurrentis (which causes louse-borne relapsing fever and is transmitted by the human body louse), all known species are believed to be transmitted by ticks.
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