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Pro Plan Puppy with Optistart Relaunch Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. Protective Systems Puppy’s Critical 1st Year of Life Growing Up Is Stressful Importance of Nutrition Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC 1. Protective Systems Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Protective Systems • Protective systems work together to protect, support and promote health & well-being. • Support health throughout life: – Skin & Coat System – Immune System – Digestive System • Systems are interlinked and interdependent • Nutrition is paramount so these systems function optimally • Pro Plan works with the natural protective systems of the dog and helps the dog protect itself. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Skin & Coat Protective System • The skin is the main organ of interaction with the external environment. • Provides a shield to the other protective systems. • Protective functions: - Physical barrier to the body - Immune defenses - Limits water loss - Prevents physical trauma Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Immune Protective System Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Immune System Function • The immune system is a complex body wide network designed to recognize, repel or destroy foreign invaders. • Acts systematically on both a global scale and locally (digestive and skin/coat systems) to provide protection. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC The Immune Response • An immune response is initiated by non-specific (innate) functions that confer early containment of the pathogen. • It is followed by a specific (acquired) response that confers immune memory to the host, enabling it to make a vigorous and rapid immune response to subsequent infections. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Innate and Adaptive Immunity Innate Infection Adaptive (Primary) Adaptive (Memory) Time Infection 1 Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Infection 2 Digestive Protective System Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Natural GI Defense Mechanisms Frontier between outside world and inside the animal • Defenses: – Digestion – Physical barrier – Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) – immune system in the gut which accounts for 70% of the body’s immune system – Intestinal microflora Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Bacteria of the Digestive Tract • Several hundred different species (over 1 billion bacteria per gram of feces). • Balance of beneficial and potentially harmful bacteria. • Beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacteria, lactobacilli) • Potentially harmful bacteria (e.g., Clostridia) Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Effect of Beneficial Bacteria on Immune Function • Block attachment of pathogens • Some excrete immune stimulating factors • Short Chain Fatty Acids – Lower pH pathogens don’t grow well • Stronger barrier integrity inhibits toxin absorption Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Imbalance Intestinal Bacteria / Microflora STRESS Travelling Change of environment Life stage/style effects Puppies/Kittens Senior animals Infection Dietary change / poor nutrition Individual thresholds Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC What Happens in the Gut During Infection? Nutrient intake Anorexia Nutrient absorption Malabsorption Intestinal damage Nutrient loss Diarrhea INFECTION Activation of inflammatory/immune response Metabolic rate Redistribution of nutrients Nutrient requirements Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Is Balanced Intestinal Bacteria Essential? • What happens if we don’t establish a balanced gut bacteria / microflora population soon after birth? – Susceptible to infections – Poor reproduction – Short life Poor immune function • Balanced microflora in humans: – Decreased allergies – Decreased skin disease Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC 3 Main Protective Systems Provide GLOBAL protection via the LINK of the 3 key protective systems Skin&coat Digestive Immune Each of the 3 systems operates at peak efficiency together only when supplied with common and optimal levels of essential nutrients. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Protective Systems Are Interlinked • Less than optimal performance in any one of these three systems will lead to problems affecting the other systems • Optimal performance in an individual system will enable the other systems to operate to their full potential • Each of the 3 systems operates at peak efficiency together only when supplied with common and optimal levels of essential nutrients Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Protective Systems at Work • Consider the wide variety of circumstances and different stressors that puppies and dogs face during their lives – Consider how this challenges the dog’s protective systems • These stressors, in most cases, require the protective systems to work harder • During these times, vital nutrients will help each of these protective systems protect the dog Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC 2. Puppy’s Critical 1st Year of Life Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC The Puppy’s Critical First Year • All 3 protective systems must work together in harmony to fully protect the puppy. • If any one system is not working 100%, it can lead to problems with the other systems • Nutrition is critical in order for the systems to function optimally and in harmony. • Sub-optimal or imbalanced nutrition can adversely affect protective systems. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC The Best Start The 1st year of the protective systems: 1. Digestive System: Doubles in weight 1st 24 hours 2. Skin & Coat System: Hair replacement cycle shorter compared to adult dogs 3. Immune System: “The Immunity Gap” – immunity reaches low point from around 3 weeks to 5 months of age You only have 1 chance to build the best foundation. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC The 1st Year How Puppies Develop during their 1st Year – Skin & Coat Health • 95% of dog’s hair is composed of protein • 25 - 30% of the daily protein in their diet is used for normal hair and skin growth Puppies need a diet that provides rich nutrition with high quality protein to nourish healthy skin and a protective, lustrous coat -- an outward sign of good health Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Immune System Changes During 1st Year • Until weaning, puppy receives antibodies & other immune components from mother’s milk. – At weaning, antibody levels drop. – Immunity reaches low at 3 weeks till about 5 months of age. – “Immunity Gap” until immune system matures around 5 months old. – Ingestion of mother’s colostrum and milk is critical to protect the health of the puppy. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Digestive Tract Changes During 1st Year • Digestive tract undergoes most drastic change in function of any organ except lungs • Within first 24 hours – digestive tract must take over from the placenta the huge task of transferring nutrients from outside world to young puppy. • By 3 weeks: cells doubled in thickness; amount of enzymes will have increased many fold since birth Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Digestive Tract Changes During 1st Year • Fully capable of digestion & absorption of mother’s milk. • 1st 24-48 hrs: colostrum provides passive transfer of immunity from mother to puppy. – Colostrum also contains growth factors etc for the growth of gut. • At weaning, gut transitions from digestion mother’s milk to food. Transition to fully functional physical barrier complete 1222 weeks Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC of age. 3. Growing Up Is Stressful Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC What Happens in the Gut with Stress? LARGE INTESTINE Bifidobacteria Clostridium perfringens Negative effects Positive Effects Energy for gut cells pH (more acidic) Help prevent diarrhea Enterotoxins Helps Mineral Absorption Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Potential carcinogens Putrefactive substances What Happens in the Gut After Stress? • Shifts in microbial population • shedding of pathogenic bacteria • function of protective intestinal barrier Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Stress Effects the Protective Systems • Stress can result in suppression of the Immune System or an alteration of the Digestive System – Poor faecal quality or stress-related diarrhoea • Stool Quality and Digestive Health are rated as major concerns of puppy owners Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Growing Up is Stressful • Stresses in puppies include: – – – – – – Bathing Going to a new place Meeting new people Being in a crate Playing Vet visits Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Effect of Bathing on Fecal Score Fecal Score 85 80 Score 75 70 65 60 48 hr prior 48 hr prior 48 hr during 48 hr during Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC 48 hr after 48 hr after 4. Importance of Early Nutrition – Can Immune and Digestive Tract Protective Systems Be Influenced by Diet? Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Nutrition early in life during the critical growth period can have a major influence on health, longevity and incidence of disease later in life. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Natural antibodies and other bio-active growth factors like those found in milk or eggs may influence a puppy’s immature immune system and gut microflora. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Milk • Constituents of milk have health benefits • Whey fraction of milk: – Natural product of cheese making – Protein rich fraction – Contains many bio-active compounds • Whey proteins include: Major Whey Proteins b-Lactoglobulin [50%] a-Lactalbumin [20%] Immunoglobulin [10%] Glycomacropeptide [10%] Serum albumin [5%] Minor Whey Proteins [5%] Lactoperoxidase [1%] Lactoferrin [2%] b-microglobulin Lysozyme Insulin-like growth factor TGF-b Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Potential Biological Functions of Milk Components • Research studies have demonstrated that components of milk have many beneficial effects: – Inhibit growth of undesirable microflora – Promote growth beneficial bacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria – Act as a prebiotic and stimulates the immune system – Role in maintaining a healthy gut wall – Many others… Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC Colostrum • First milk produced by mother • Contains – Antibodies (IgG mainly as well as IgA and IgM) – Enzymes, protein, fat, vitamins (A, D, E, K), low level of carbohydrate, other bio-active components • Provides passive transfer of immunity to young puppy – Occurs first 12-36 hours after birth – After this period, puppy still gets immunity benefits from mother’s milk • Within day or two after birth, puppy’s GI tract populated with bacteria (microflora) – transfer from mother’s colostrum is dominant source. – Helps establish healthy intestinal microflora population. – Breastfed humans have predominance of beneficial bacteria and lower faecal pH vs cow milk-based formula-fed babies. Nestlé Purina PetCare PTC