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Classification of Living Things NOTES A. Classification Vocabulary 1. Taxonomy: The branch of science that deals with naming and classifying organisms. 2. Autotroph or Producer: an organism that makes its own food using sunlight energy and making glucose. Also some bacteria make food by digesting minerals & chemicals. 3. Heterotroph or Consumer: an organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms in order to get energy. 4. Decomposers: organisms that break down dead organisms into simpler substances, thereby returning important materials to the soil and water. 5. Hosts: organisms that provide a home and/or food for a parasite. 6. Parasite: an organism that survives by living on or in a host organism and causes harm to that organism. 7. Symbiosis: interacting organisms in which at least one creature benefits. 8. Mutualism: a type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from the relationship. 9. Sexual reproduction: two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism. Offspring are different from both parents. 10. Asexual reproduction: involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. B. Groups or levels for classifying living things: Kingdom Phylum is a subgroup of Class Order is a subgroup of Family Genus species C. Writing the scientific name of a living thing using a word processor: Genus name species name (e.g. Homo sapiens) D. If you write it by hand then underline: Genus name (e.g. Homo sapiens) species name E. Six Kingdoms of Living Things Two bacteria kingdoms. Both are single celled Prokaryotes (no nucleus). They reproduce asexually: 1. Archaebacteria: live in extreme environments. They are autotrophs that eat minerals for energy. 2. Eubacteria: live in a variety of environments, but not extreme environments. They contain both autotroph & heterotroph versions. Typical structure of a Bacterium cell: General Bacteria Info: Shapes: 1. Spherical-shaped 2. Spiral-shaped 3. Rod-shaped 4. Irregular-shaped Spherical Shaped Spiral-shaped Rod-shaped Irregular-shaped Archaebacteria Kingdom 3. Protists: single cell organisms w/ a nucleus (Eukaryotes; e.g. amoeba, diatoms, and slime molds). Three Types of Protists: a) Animal-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for energy. Amoeba b) Plant-like: Autotrophs - they make their own food using the sun’s energy. Diatoms Brown Algae Euglenoid c) Fungus-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for energy. They break large chemicals into smaller ones, therefore they are decomposers. Slime mold Water mold Three more kingdoms to discuss: 4. Fungi: unicellular to multicellular heterotrophs (includes yeasts, molds & mushrooms). Made of eukaryotic cells with a cell wall. They use spores to reproduce. Fairy Ring Mushroom Plants & animals reproduce sexually. However, some creatures from each have both asexual & sexual life cycles. 5. Plants: unicellular to multicellular autotrophs (includes mosses, ferns and seed plants). Made of eukaryotic cells with a cell wall. 6. Animals: multicellular heterotrophs (includes those with & without backbones). Made of eukaryotic cells.