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THE DEVELOPMENT OF PENICILLIN RICHARD H. LUCAS PHYSICS 001 PROJECT PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY WHAT IS PENICILLIN? • PENICILLIN IS AN ANTIBIOTIC USED TO FIGHT INFECTIONS. • THEY ALSO HAVE THE CAPABILITIES OF PREVENTING FUTURE. • ONLY FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, NOT VIRAL. • WORKS BY STOPPING THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA THEN DESTROYS IT. SOCIETY PRIOR TO PENICILLIN • THERE WAS NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR INFECTIONS. • COMMON INFECTIONS WITH NO TREATMENT INCLUDE: PNEUMONIA, GONORRHEA & RHEUMATIC FEVER. • SIMPLE CUTS POSED A PROBLEM IF THEY BECAME INFECTED. ATTEMPTS AT ANTIBIOTICS IN HISTORY • EGYPTIANS APPLIED MOLDY BREAD TO WOUNDS IN BELIEF OF HEALING. THE FOUNDER OF PENICILLIN • ALEXANDER FLEMING OF ENGLAND. • PROFESSOR OF BACTERIOLOGY AT SAINT MARY’S HOSPITAL IN LONDON. THE BIRTH OF PENICILLIN • DISCOVERED IN 1928 BY COMPLETE ACCIDENCE. • FOUND MOLD WHILE SORTING THROUGH PETRI DISHES AFTER THE HOLIDAYS. • HE BEGAN EXPERIMENTING AND REALIZED IT KILLED A WIDE RANGE OF BACTERIA. • HE THEN REFERRED TO IT AS “MOLD JUICE.’ THE BIRTH OF PENICILLIN (CONTINUED) • ONLY THE OUTER PART OF THE MOLD KILLED BACTERIA. • FLEMING THEN ASSIGNED HIS ASSISTANTS TO THE JOB OF ISOLATING THE PENICILLIN. • THE PENICILLIN THEN BECAME VERY UNSTABLE. • FLEMING PUBLISHED HIS FINDINGS TO SPARK THE IDEA FOR OTHER BACTERIOLOGISTS. DEVELOPING ON FLEMINGS FINDINGS • HOWARD FLOREY & ERNST CHAIN OF OXFORD UNIVERSITY BEGAN EXPERIMENTING. • EVENTUALLY, THEY WERE ABLE TO TURN THE LAB CURIOSITY INTO A LIFE SAVING DRUG. • FIRST PRACTICED ON MICE. FIRST HUMAN CASE • FEBRUARY 12TH, 1941 • 43 YEAR OLD ALBERT ALEXANDER BECAME THE FIRST RECIPIENT. • INJURED ON THE SIDE OF HIS MOUTH, HE DEVELOPED A LIFE THREATENING INFECTION. • AFFECTED HIS EYES, FACE, & LUNGS. • PENICILLIN WAS INJECTED AND WITHIN DAYS HE WAS AT FULL HEALTH. CREATING MASS VOLUMES • OXFORD LABORATORY WAS TURNED INTO A PENICILLIN FACTORY • HAD TO OVERCOME SEPERATING THE BASE MOLD AND THE PENICILLIN. • NORMAN HEATLEY WAS IN CHARGE OF EXTRACTING IT AT MASSIVE VOLUMES IMPACT OF THE MASS PENICILLIN • WITH WW2 IN THE ERA, PENICILLIN WAS HUGE WITH HELPING WOUNDED MEN ON THE BATTLEFIELD. • HEATLEY TRAVELED TO THE U.S SEEKING HELP IN LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION. • IT BEGAN TO SPREAD INTO PRODUCTION IN THE U.S IN THE SUMMER OF 1941. DISEASES CURED BY PENICILLIN TODAY • CHLAMYDIA • STOMACH ULCERS • ABSCESSES • LEPTOSPIROSIS • LYME DISEASE • TYPHOID FEVER • GANGRENE. CITATION • AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL HISTORIC CHEMICAL LANDMARKS. DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PENICILLIN. HTTP://WWW.ACS.ORG/CONTENT/ACS/EN/EDUCATION/WHATISCHEMISTRY/LANDMARKS/F LEMINGPENICILLIN.HTML (ACCESSED MARCH 1, 2014).