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Multiplication Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xi2Nc1UicQ Tetanus Lyme Disease Plague 9.2 Bacteria MRSA Staph Anthrax A. Bacteria are ______________; prokaryotes living, single-celled organisms! air _________, water or on They are carried from place to place in _____, the _____________ surfaces of objects. flagella Some can move by flicking whip-like _____________. Typical Animal Cell Eukaryote Typical Bacterium Prokaryote 1. The genetic material of prokaryotes is not contained in a______________. nucleus 2. Prokaryotes have no cell organelles other than ribosomes _________________. Eukaryote Prokaryote 3. All living things must have food (energy source) to survive. Autotrophs - make their own food one of _____ two ways: a. __________ •Using the sun’s energy (photosynthesis) •Using chemical energy (chemosynthesis) Heterotrophs Decomposers b. _______________ - consume other organisms. Ex) ______________ cellular respiration *** Remember, all living cells do _____________________, which Oxygen requires ___________. B. Bacteria Shapes 1. ________________________ Rod-like (Bacillus) 2. _________________________ Spherical (Coccus) 3. ________________________ Spiral (Spirillus) C. Reproduction - Bacteria can reproduce two ways: 1. Asexual reproduction is accomplished through __________ binary __________. fission a. One parent divides to produce two _____________ identical bacteria. limits genetic diversity. This ________ 2. Sexual reproduction is accomplished through _________________. conjugation a. Two parents produce new organisms that _____________ inherit their genes from each parent. increases genetic diversity. This ___________ D. Bacteria and Us – Reasons to be glad bacteria are out there! 1. Oxygen production oxygen a. A great deal of Earth’s ___________ is produced by bacteria, and other photosynthesizing autotrophs. 2. Natural recyclers Decomposers a. _________________ are heterotrophic bacteria that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals. b. These chemicals are returned to the soil __________ for other organisms to use. 3. Food Production – pasteurization of dairy products. a. _____________________ butter b. ___________________ cheese c. ____________________ yogurt d. ____________________ kefir 4. Your body a. Good bacteria on your body _____________ compete _____ for ___________ space with bad bacteria. b. Good bacteria in your _________________ intestines help digest food. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetI d=df103fa0-40ec-4d80-b94a-9c039db80c28 genetic engineering c. Recall that bacteria are frequently used in __________________. Ex) production of human insulin Skin as a Barrier http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.c fm?guidAssetId=5f74f4b1-347a-49e3a516-b4f24e6e7e51 5. Bacteria and Disease one percent a. Bacteria that cause disease make up less than ____________ of known bacteria species. Fun Fact!!! The ____________ toxin produced by bacteria in poorly-preserved botulism canned or jarred food, is used in small doses in __________ botox injections as a way to temporarily paralyze muscles. Dino Disease? http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.c fm?guidAssetId=abbebdc3-7395-4abc9be6-43f3e6fca5b9 alive killed b. Because they are _________, bacteria can be ____________, antibiotics using _______________. Ex) Penicillin toxins that are typically produced by _________, fungi c. Antibiotics are ________ billions which have been competing with bacteria on Earth for ______________ of years in the world’s oldest “Arms Race” d. There are drawbacks to using antibiotics: good bacteria in our bodies - antibiotics can also kill the ______ - antibiotics can cause unwanted ____________. side effects evolution - over-use of antibiotics can lead to the _____________ of resistant antibiotic-____________ bacteria which can withstand our strongest medicines. Incorrect antibiotic use kills all but the “strongest bacteria” Ex) MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus-aureus) Antibiotic Resistance http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.c fm?guidAssetId=e852a83c-8149-4d4e8181-439511cbc0cd Quiz (who was listening? ) • Are bacteria alive? • Do bacteria cells have a nucleus? • What is it called when bacteria reproduce asexually? • Are all bacteria harmful? • Name one way that bacterial can be helpful: • Name one antibiotic: • Complete this sentence: – “When antibiotics are used incorrectly, they kill off the weakest bacteria in a sick person, leaving the ____________ ones to survive and reproduce” – http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AntimicrobialResista nce/ucm134359.htm • http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVete rinary/SafetyHealth/AntimicrobialResistanc e/UCM134417.wmv