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Why do we care? Pathology Hansen’s Disease Bubonic Plague Pathology PLAGUE CURES HOW THEY WORK The smells would help Carry flowers or wear to ward away the a strong perfume disease WHAT THEY REALLY DID Nothing Coat the victims with mercury and place them in oven. Combination of mercury and heat would kill disease. Mercury is poisonous and the oven caused serious burns. Give a strong dose of laxatives Disease is defecated out Strong doses of laxatives can cause death from dehydration. Pathology Pathology Escherichia coli Fermented Foods Medical Research Medications Vaccines Restriction enzymes Environmental Issues Decomposition Ethanol Insecticides Nitrogen fixation Genetic Recombination Transformation Bacterium Plasmid with ampicillin resistance absorbs DNA from environment Genetic Recombination Conjugation Pilus extends between cells Copy of a plasmid is donated Plasmid with ampicillin resistance Plasmid with ampicillin resistance Genetic Recombination Transduction Virus carries host DNA to next host Gene with ampicillin resistance Gene with ampicillin resistance Oxygen Tolerance Obligate Anaerobes Facultative Anaerobes Obligate Aerobes Bacterial Size Bacterial Morphology Bacterial Morphology Coccus Diplococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus Outer Coverings Cell Membrane Wall (peptidoglycan) Gram+ •Simple, thick wall Gram •Thin wall •Outer membrane Capsule Adheres cell to food Disguises against host immune system + - A C B E D H F G I Endospores DNA, ribosomes, and some cytoplasm encased Bacterial defense against temperature, pH, chemicals, and aridity When Bacteria Attack Invasion Cells consume host tissues Streptococcus mutans •Cells live on surface of teeth •Exposure to sugar enables production of… •Plaque •Acid When Bacteria Attack Exotoxins Poisons released to weaken host Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Vibrio cholerae When Bacteria Attack Endotoxins Poisons located in outer membrane Escherichia coli, Salmonella