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Download Past participles used as adjectives
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Past participles used as adjectives Español 2 – Gramática 2 • Verbs have a form called the past participle. o In English, many past participles have the same form as the past tense of the verb. However, you can tell the difference because: • The past tense acts as a verb and has a subject “I” = subject I burned my hand. • The past participle acts as an adjective and describes a noun My hand is burned. “burned” describes “hand” • In Spanish, the past participle always has a different form than the past tense so they are much easier to tell apart: o Me quemé la mano. o Tengo la mano quemada. • Either way, both English and Spanish have a verb form called the past participle. • In both languages the past participle can be used as an adjective and can describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body. Torcer as a verb Me torcí el tobillo. I sprained my ankle. Past participle of torcer as an adjective Tengo el tobillo torcido. My ankle is sprained. • To form the past participles of regular verbs follow these steps: o Drop the –AR, -ER, or –IR of the infinitive o Add “-ado” to –AR verbs and “-ido” to –ER or –IR verbs. • Hinchar (to swell) => hinchado (swollen) • Torcer (to twist) => torcido (twisted) • Herir (to hurt) => herido (hurt) This is important! • AND since we are using these past participles as adjectives: o when we use adjectives in Spanish they must agree in number and gender with the nouns they describe. • Tiene las rodillas hinchadas. • Tengo una muñeca herida y unos dedos quemados. Y, por supuesto, hay irregulares • There are a few irregular past participles that do not follow the regular set of steps. Some important ones for this chapter are: o o o o o Romper => roto (broken) Abrir => abierto (open) Caer => caído (fallen) Morir => muerto (dead) Ver => visto (seen)