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Viruses & Bacteria
A guide to understanding the
similarities and differences of viruses
and bacteria
Two Bacteria Kingdoms
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
• Ancient life form
• Live in extreme
environments
• More than 300 million
years old.
Eubacteria
• Most abundant form of
life on Earth.
• Make foods, cause
diseases and decompose
matter.
• Live in warm, pH
balanced, low-salt
environments.
• Different cell walls and
RNA than Archaebacteria.
Viruses
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Greek word meaning “to poison”.
Measured in nanometers (nm).
A nanometer is = to 1 billionth of a meter.
Viruses have 2 parts: a core of genetic
material and a protein coat.
• A bacteriophage is a type of virus that
infects a bacteria.
Bacteriophage
• It is a virus.
• It attaches to bacteria
with it’s tail.
• It sends it’s genetic
material from it’s head
to it’s tail.
• More of the virus
reproduces in the host
bacteria.
Viruses come in many shapes and
sizes!
• Viruses range in size from
10-250 nm.
• They do not have cells.
• They are non-living.
• They contain hereditary
material (DNA or RNA).
• Must have a host cell to
survive.
• Strong protein coat.
How viruses multiply
• Active Virus Steps:
• Hidden Virus Steps:
1. Virus attaches to cell
2. Injects genetic material
3. Genetic material takes
over cell function
4. New viruses form
5. Viruses burst out of cell.
1. Virus attaches to cell
2. Injects genetic material
3. Genetic material of virus
becomes part of cell’s genetic
material.
4. After some time, virus genetic
material removes itself and
becomes active.
5. New viruses form
6. Viruses burst out of cell.
Bacteria
• Kingdom: Moneran has been split into the
Acheabacteria Kingdom and the Eubacteria
Kingdom.
• Unicellular organisms.
• Oldest form of life on Earth.
• First found by van Leeuwenhoek in the
1600’s.
Characteristics of Bacteria
• Prokaryotes, no nucleus
• Cell wall for protection
• Cell membrane controls what
enters cell.
• Cytoplasm contains genetic
material and other organelles
• Ribosomes make protein
• Flagellum used for movement
Movement of Bacteria
• Bacteria move with
Flagella.
• These are tail like
structures that help
the bacteria to
move in liquid.
Three shapes of bacteria
• Spirilla (spighRIHL-uh)
• Spirillum (singular)
• Cork-screw shaped.
Cocci
• Cocci (KAHKsigh)
• Coccus (singular)
• Spherical shaped
Bacilli
• Bacilli (buh-SIHLigh)
• Bacillus (singular)
• Rod shaped.
Obtaining Food and Energy
• Autotrophs that make
food from the sun’s
energy
• Autotrophs that make
food from chemicals
• Hetertrophs that
consume other
organisms.
• Respiration: the
process of breaking
down food to
release its energy.
Reproduction
• Bacteria reproduce
by Binary Fission.
• They split in half!
• Asexual
Reproduction
• Conjugation,
genetic material is
shared.
• Sexual
reproduction
They can double in number every
20 minutes!
Endospore
• A small round thick
walled resting cell
formed inside
bacteria.
• Protects the genetic
material when
conditions become
unfavorable.
What Good Bacteria Does
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Oxygen production
Food production
Decomposers
Environmental Clean
up
• Health
• Medicine production
How Infectious Diseases Spread
• Contact with a(n)
1. infected person
2. contaminated
object
3. infected animal
4. Environmental
sources
Treating Infectious Diseases
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Bacteria Diseases:
Antibiotics
Viral Diseases
Vaccines
Hand washing
Rest, fluids, good
food.