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CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY 2.1 MICROBIOLOGY 2.2 INFECTION CONTROL 2.3 FIRST AID CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | ADVANCE ORGANIZER FOLLOWING THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: • Recognize the structure and function of bacteria and viruses by types, classifications, growth and reproduction patterns • Identify infection control procedures and precautions • List safety procedures and first-aid applications for minor burns, cuts, choking, eye injury and fainting CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | ADVANCE ORGANIZER 2.1 MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA GROWTH OF BACTERIA VIRUSES EXTERNAL PARASITES INFECTION IMMUNITY CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | ADVANCE ORGANIZER Microbiology: study of small living organisms + micro (small) + bio (living) + ology (study) microbiology Important in preventing the spread of disease within the salon. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | ADVANCE ORGANIZER BACTERIA Bacteria: one-celled micro-organisms Nonpathogenic Pathogenic Non-disease producing bacteria Disease-producing bacteria CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | BACTERIA NONPATHOGENIC BACTERIA • Do not produce disease • Can be very beneficial Saprophytes are nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease. Approximately 70% of all bacteria are nonpathogenic and many live on the surface of the skin. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | BACTERIA PATHOGENIC BACTERIA • Cause infection and disease • Have distinct shapes • Some produce toxins • Spread easily • Live everywhere CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | BACTERIA PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 1. Cocci • Staphylococci • Streptococci • Diplococci Round Appear in groups or singularly Bunches Found in boils Pus-forming Long chains Cause strep throat Pus-forming Pairs Cause pneumonia 2. Bacilli Rod Most common form of bacterial cells 3. Spirilla Spiral Cause syphilis, lyme disease, cholera CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | BACTERIA GROWTH OF BACTERIA ACTIVE STAGE • No growth occurs when conditions unfavorable • Reproduce and grow rapidly • Spores not harmed by disinfectants, cold • Require dark, damp, dirty or heat places with food • Divide into two new cells • Become active when conditions are favorable INACTIVE STAGE CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | GROWTH OF BACTERIA MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA Bacilli and spirilla use flagella (cilia) to propel themselves. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | GROWTH OF BACTERIA VIRUSES • Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria • Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, HBV, HIV CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | VIRUSES HUMAN HEPATITIS B (HBV) • Highly infectious disease that infects liver • Vaccine-preventable disease • Personal service workers are often vaccinated ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) • Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) • Affects the body’s natural immune system • Spread by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | VIRUSES EXTERNAL PARASITES External Parasites: Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism Parasitic Fungi • Include molds and yeasts • Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm, comb ringworm and nail fungus • Produce non-contagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis Parasitic Mites • Include insects that produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | EXTERNAL PARASITES Prevent spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | EXTERNAL PARASITES HEAD LICE • Transmitted from one person to another • Accompanied by scratching, redness or small bite marks • Controlled by pediculicide shampoo CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | EXTERNAL PARASITES INFECTION Infection: disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter body and multiply to point of interfering with body’s normal state Contagious Infection (Communicable Disease): can be transmitted from one person to another Bloodborne Pathogens: disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | INFECTION COMMON WAYS OF SPREADING INFECTION IN THE SALON: • Open sores • Unclean hands and implements • Coughing or sneezing • Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | INFECTION 2 CLASSES OF INFECTION Local • Small, confined area • Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area General • All parts of the body (systemic) • Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins A person carrying disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms is called an asymptomatic carrier. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | INFECTION IMMUNITY Active Immunity • Antibodies given directly • Antibodies produced • Antibodies given through after exposure to disease blood products or via placenta to newborn • Disease exposure through infection or • Lasts only a few weeks or vaccination months • Long-lasting or lifelong Passive Immunity Universal Precautions: practice of using the same infection control procedures with all clients CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | IMMUNITY SELF-CHECK Identify whether the statement describes: a - Nonpathogenic or b - Pathogenic 1. __ 70% of all bacteria 2. __ Produce disease 3. __ Include saprophytes 4. __ Harmless CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK Identify the type of pathogenic bacteria. 1. Grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia 2. Most common form of bacterial cells 3. Pus-forming cells that form long chains; cause strep throat 4. Pus-forming cells that form bunches; found in boils 5. Spiral-shaped cells that cause syphilis, cholera and lyme disease CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-12, answer the following questions. Identify whether the statement describes: a - Active Bacteria or b - Inactive Bacteria 1. __ Grow Rapidly 2. __ Exhibit Mitosis 3. __ Form Spores 4. __ Stop Growing CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 5. List 3 familiar conditions caused by viruses: __________ __________ __________ 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? a. Cold b. HBV c. Measles d. Chicken Pox CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? a. Cocci b. Bacilli c. Measles d. External Parasites CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 8. Which class of infection is located in a small confined area? a. Local b. General c. Passive d. Systemic CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 9. The type of infection that occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the body is called __________. 10. Using the same infection control procedures on all clients is known as __________ __________. 11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is known as __________. 12. What are the two types of immunity? __________ and __________ CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK Identify whether the statement describes: a - Nonpathogenic or b - Pathogenic a 70% of all bacteria 1. __ b Produce disease 2. __ a Include saprophytes 3. __ a Harmless 4. __ CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK Identify the type of pathogenic bacteria. 1. diplococci Grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia 2. bacilli Most common form of bacterial cells 3. streptococci Pus-forming cells that form long chains; cause strep throat 4. staphylococci Pus-forming cells that form bunches; found in boils 5. spirilla Spiral-shaped cells that cause syphilis, cholera and lyme disease CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-12, answer the following questions. Identify whether the statement describes: a - Active Bacteria or b - Inactive Bacteria a Grow Rapidly 1. __ a Exhibit Mitosis 2. __ b Form Spores 3. __ b Stop Growing 4. __ CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 5. List 3 familiar conditions caused by viruses: cold measles __________ hepatitis __________ __________ HIV 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? a. Cold b. HBV c. Measles d. Chicken Pox CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? a. Cocci b. Bacilli c. Measles d. External Parasites CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 8. Which class of infection is located in a small confined area? a. Local b. General c. Passive d. Systemic CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 9. The type of infection that occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the general body is called __________. 10. Using the same infection control procedures on all precautions universal __________. clients is known as __________ 11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the immunity body is known as __________. 12. What are the two types of immunity? natural and __________ passive __________ CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | SELF-CHECK FACE THE FACTS BACTERIA Two types: pathogenic and nonpathogenic Forms of pathogenic bacteria include: cocci, bacilli and spirilla GROWTH OF BACTERIA Two stages: active and inactive While in the inactive stage, bacteria form spores, which protect the cell CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS VIRUSES Sub-microscopic particles that cause diseases like the common cold EXTERNAL PARASITES Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS INFECTION Pathogenic bacteria or viruses cause infection when they enter the body and multiply Contagious infection or communicable disease can be spread through touch or through the air Common means of spreading infection in the salon include unclean hands and implements CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | FACE THE FACTS 2.2 INFECTION CONTROL SANITATION DISINFECTION STERILIZATION INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | ADVANCE ORGANIZER Infection Control: describes efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes Efficacy: ability to produce results, or effectiveness CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | ADVANCE ORGANIZER SANITATION The process of removing dirt to aid in preventing the growth of microbes Antiseptic: product that can be applied to the skin to reduce microbes and prevent their growth SANITATION REMOVES DIRT CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | SANITATION DISINFECTION Disinfection Standards: require products to destroy or kill bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses • Apply to all tools and implements used by the salon professional DISINFECTION KILLS CERTAIN BACTERIA SANITATION REMOVES DIRT CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION Disinfectants: chemical products used to destroy or kill bacteria and some viruses Bactericidals Tuberculocidals Fungicidals Viricidals Pseudomonacidals Kill harmful bacteria Kill tuberculosis Destroy fungus Kill viruses Kill pseudomonas Broad Spectrum Disinfectants: group of disinfectants that kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and pseudomonas CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION(OSHA) • Regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace • Has put regulations such as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and labeling of products in place CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) • Approves efficacy of products used for infection control • EPA-registered number ensures product is safe and effective CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION 2001 OSHA BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD • Requires use of an EPA-registered disinfectant with an efficacy against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal • Applies to implements that accidentally come into contact with blood or body fluids CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION DISINFECTION GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES • Disinfect combs and brushes after use • Change chemical solutions as recommended • Disinfect unplugged electrical appliances • Wash, rinse and disinfect by completely immersing all cosmetology, nail care, esthetic and electrolysis tools and metal implements after each use CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION DISINFECTION GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES • Discard emery boards, cosmetic sponges and orangewood sticks after each use • Store disinfected tools in disinfected, dry, covered container or cabinet • Dispose of sharp objects in sealable, rigid container • Label and properly store disinfecting products CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION DISINFECTION PRECAUTIONS • Tightly cover and label containers; store in cool dry area • Avoid inhaling or spilling chemical solutions; avoid contact with skin or eyes; wipe all spills • Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for proper procedures if contact with eyes or skin occurs CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | DISINFECTION STERILIZATION • Most effective level of infection control • Kill or destroy all microbes • Consult area regulating agency for standards regarding cosmetology services and sterilization procedures STERILIZATION KILLS ALL MICROBES DISINFECTION KILLS CERTAIN BACTERIA SANITATION REMOVES DIRT CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | STERILIZATION INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES SANITATION ITEM • Countertops • Sinks • Floors PROCEDURE • • • Toilets Towels Linens • Your hands before each service • Your hands and client’s hands and/or feet prior to manicuring or pedicuring service • Use EPA-registered cleaning product • Use liquid soap; avoid bar soaps • Use antiseptic designed for hands and/or feet CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES DISINFECTION ITEM PROCEDURE • Tools and implements that have come in contact with body fluids • Use antibacterial, EPA-registered disinfectant effective against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal • Tools and implements that have not come in contact with body fluids • Use broad-spectrum, EPA-registered bactericidal viricidal, fungicidal, pseudomonacidal disinfectant CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES STERILIZATION ITEM PROCEDURE • Tools and implements that are used to puncture or invade the skin • Use a liquid sterilant and/or moist or dry heat, calibrated to various temperatures to produce a microbe-free result on nonporous substances CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-9, answer the following questions. Identify whether the statement describes: a - Sanitation or b – Disinfection 1. __ Includes use of an antiseptic 2. __ Does not kill germs 3. __ Uses very strong chemicals 4. __ Destroys a broad spectrum of viruses CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 5. Sterilization kills __________ microbes. 6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills __________ and __________. 7. Disinfection kills __________ bacteria. 8. Antiseptic prevents _________ of microbes. 9. Sanitation removes __________. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-9, answer the following questions. Identify whether the statement describes: a - Sanitation or b – Disinfection a Includes use of an antiseptic 1. __ a Does not kill germs 2. __ b Uses very strong chemicals 3. __ b Destroys a broad spectrum of viruses 4. __ CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK all 5. Sterilization kills __________ microbes. 6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills HBV HIV __________ and __________. certain bacteria. 7. Disinfection kills __________ growth of microbes. 8. Antiseptic prevents _________ dirt 9. Sanitation removes __________. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | SELF-CHECK FACE THE FACTS INFECTION CONTROL Efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes SANITATION Removes dirt to prevent growth of microbes Hand washing should be done with warm water and soap Hands should be washed immediately before serving each client to prevent the spread of microbes CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS DISINFECTION Destroy or kill bacteria and some viruses Tools or implements to be disinfected should be washed thoroughly before being completely immersed in disinfectant Rule: Discard or Disinfect CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS STERILIZATION The most effective level of infection control Sterilization procedures kill or destroy all microbes Consult your area’s regulating agency for standards regarding cosmetology services and sterilization procedures CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | INFECTION CONTROL | FACE THE FACTS 2.3 FIRST AID BLEEDING AND WOUNDS BURNS CHOKING FAINTING EYE INJURY CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | ADVANCE ORGANIZER GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS • Encourage people to help others in emergency situations • Give legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons • Require that the “Good Samaritan” use common sense and a reasonable level of skill in emergency situations CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | ADVANCE ORGANIZER BLEEDING AND WOUNDS 1. Place clean cloth and gloved hand over wound. 2. Call 9-1-1 if bleeding is severe. 3. Elevate injured arm or leg above level of victim’s heart. 4. Secure cloth bandage. 5. Never use a tourniquet. 6. Have emergency personnel check victim for shock. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | BLEEDING AND WOUNDS BURNS 1. Rinse away all traces of chemicals and remove any contaminated clothing. 2. Cover burn loosely with clean, dry cloth. 3. Refer person to medical personnel if necessary. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | BURNS HEAT OR ELECTRICAL BURNS 1. If skin is not broken, immerse in cool water or gently apply cool compress; bandage with clean, dry cloth. 2. Do not break blister if one forms; do not apply ointments or creams. 3. If skin is broken or burns are severe: • Call 9-1-1 or other emergency personnel • Do not clean wound • Cover burn loosely CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | BURNS CHOKING 1. Determine if victim can speak or cough. 2. Stand behind victim and wrap arms around his/her stomach. 3. Make a thumbless fist and place just above navel. 4. Perform upward thrust. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | CHOKING FAINTING 1. Lay victim down on back and allow plenty of fresh air. 2. Reassure victim and apply cold compress to face. 3. If victim vomits, roll onto side, keep windpipe clear. Fainting victims regain consciousness almost immediately. If this doesn’t happen, the victim could be in serious danger and you should call 9-1-1 ASAP. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FAINTING EYE INJURY CHEMICAL 1. Hold eyelids apart and flush eyeball with lukewarm water for 15-30 minutes; don’t let runoff water flow into other eye. 2. Place gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage. 3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | EYE INJURY CUT, SCRATCH OR EMBEDDED OBJECT 1. Hold eyelids apart and flush eyeball with lukewarm water for 15-30 minutes; don’t let runoff water flow into other eye. 2. Place gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage. 3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | EYE INJURY SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-6, answer the following questions. 1. T or F You should use a tourniquet to stop bleeding. 2. T or F Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding has stopped. 3. T or F Chemical burns should be treated by scrubbing with soap and hot water. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 4. T or F To determine if someone is choking, determine if victim can talk or cough. 5. T or F When someone has fainted, reassure the victim and apply a cold compress to face. 6. T or F If you have an embedded object in your eye, try to remove it. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK On a sheet of paper numbered 1-6, answer the following questions. 1. T or F You should use a tourniquet to stop bleeding. 2. T or F Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding has stopped. 3. T or F Chemical burns should be treated by scrubbing with soap and hot water. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | SELF-CHECK SELF-CHECK 4. T or F To determine if someone is choking, determine if victim can talk or cough. 5. T or F When someone has fainted, reassure the victim and apply a cold compress to face. 6. T or F If you have an embedded object in your eye, try to remove it. CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | SELF-CHECK FACE THE FACTS BLEEDING AND WOUNDS Place cloth or If bleeding When gauze over wound and apply pressure is severe, call 9-1-1 bleeding stops, secure cloth with a bandage Never use a tourniquet unless you cannot control the bleeding Have emergency personnel check victim for shock if necessary CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS CHEMICAL BURNS Rinse away chemicals while removing contaminated clothing from burn area Cover the burn with clean, dry cloth Refer person to medical personnel if necessary CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS HEAT OR ELECTRICAL BURNS If skin is not broken, immerse burned area in cool water or apply a cool compress Bandage with clean, dry cloth Do not break blister if one forms Do not apply ointments or creams Call 9-1-1 if burns are severe CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS CHOKING Determine if victim can speak or cough and is getting enough air If victim is not getting enough air, call 9-1-1 FAINTING Lay victim down on back and make sure there is plenty of fresh air If victim vomits, roll him or her on side and keep the windpipe clear CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FACE THE FACTS FACE THE FACTS CHEMICAL EYE INJURY Flush eyeball with lukewarm water 15-30 minutes Place gauze pad over both eyes; apply bandage Get to eye specialist or emergency room immediately CUT, SCRATCH OR EMBEDDED OBJECT EYE INJURY Place gauze over Do both eyes not remove embedded object Get to eye specialist or emergency room immediately CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | FIRST AID | FACE THE FACTS SELF-TEST CHAPTER 2 SALON ECOLOGY | SELF-TEST