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Lecture 9 Malignant tumor and Nutrition The maximum Japanese cause of one's death terminal cancer is feared because of incurable and acute pain Generation Growing years Growing About 10-20 years Proliferation About 1-5 years Size of Cancer cell Early Progress Inspection by PET-CT Normal inspection Annual transition of Japanese leading causes of death Ratio that occupies it to all deaths (%) Others Pneumonia Cerebrovascular disease Heart Disease Tuberculosis Cancer Unexpected accident Decrepitude Affection of the liver Three million cancer patients and 300,000 cancer death people Death order of malignant tumor by sex Number of deaths for 100,000 men Men Number of examples of liver by sex cancer syndrome age Men Women Lung, Stomach, Liver, Large intestines, Gullet Number of deaths for 100,000 women Women Age of cancer Death by infectious disease (unit : Number of 100) Stomach, Large intestines, Lung, Liver, Breast The middle and advanced aged human is attacked by Cancer Benign tumor and malignant tumor Growing Bounary Metastasis Benign tumor slow Clear (Expansiveness) none Malignant tumor fast Not clear (Wettability) there Cell Differentiation Whole body nourishment No influence Trouble strong cachexia Surface Movability Smoothness lot A little change Irregularity few Activation Disappearance Cancer gene Tumor suppressor gene Flawlessness Aberrant type (Irregularity) Yasuo KAGAWA. “Nourishment biochemistry” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 1970, p.276 Healthy cells are regular. The cancer cell is disorderly Cervix part of womb healthy cell Cancer cell that seems not to be bad (Breast cancer) Cervix part of womb cancer cell Good cell that seems to be bad (Mammary gland syndrome) It is thought that cancer (It is malignant tumorous accurately) happens for the wound to adhere to the gene, and to lose the control of the division with a normal cell. "Carcinogenic gene" that causes cancer is being discovered about 200 kinds now, controls the cell proliferation, and about 20 kinds are known as for "Tumor suppressor gene" that perceives abnormality and restores the abnormality. These genes pile the mutation, and it appears as a sickness that man is made to die. It is thought that it takes time of 15?30 year by the time it counts backward from the speed of the cancer-cell multiplication, one cancer cell is generated, and the human is defeated Cancer happens because of the change (mutation) in the gene of a normal soma. This is called an initiation The occurrence of cancer and abnormality of gene Nucleus Cell Base sequence Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Abnormality Cancer cell Passage of carcinogenesis: The long tract of years hangs until getting cancer visible from the mutation of a gene Appearance of symptom Precancerous change to a morbid state Healthy Cell Impossible to discover Cancer Cell Possible to discover Early Stage Cancer Clinical period Progress Cancer Initiation → Promotion → Progrestion Oncogene and tumor suppressor gene Cell Cancer gene (accelerator) Control gene (Brake) Make to cancer Making to cancer happens because of both the oncogene and the tumor suppressor gene mutations There are an initiator (thing to cause the initiation) and promoter (thing to cause promotion) in the cancer field material in food The material (mutation field material) that causes the gene abnormality is called and the material that proliferates "Initiator" and a good cancer cell is called "Promoter". "Initiator" includes radiation and ultraviolet rays, virus, and fish's scorch scorching etc. The female hormone and bile acid, high salinity, cigarette, artificial sweetener, agricultural chemicals (DDT・BHC), and PCB, etc. are known to "Promoter". Metastasis of cancer and proliferation with newborn blood vessel Proliferation of cancer with newborn blood vessel Blood vessel Metastasis blockading with the bead Newborn Blood vessel Anticancer agent Proliferation is started at a dash It reaches the cancer cell, and nourishment and oxygen are replenished Starting a newborn Blood vessel The material that urges a newborn blood vessel is discharged Cancer cell Progression The main tumor marker of cancer according to internal organs Nerve, retinoblastoma Malignant Lymphoma Soluble receptor Gullet Thyroid gland Lung Sifla Adenocarcinoma, Large cell calcitonin thyroglobulin Breast squamous cell Sifra Small cell Bile duct, Gallbladder Liver antigen AFP=α Fetoprotein Pancreas Stomach Colon, Rectum antigen antigen Womb Kidney Ferritin Villus Ovary Bladder, Urinary duct Osteosarcoma Testicle Prostate gland Amino protein Internal serection Various hormones antigen Necessity of oxygen, DNA mutation caused by active oxygen and aging promotion Nucleur Vitamin C Vitamin E Manganese Telomere “Coupon ticket” Mitochondria Zinc Copper Of division Mutation Restoration Resolution Active oxygen Chromosome Mitochondria Active energy Promotion of telomere reduction Division promotion by excessive nourishment and mutation caused by active oxygen the generation of an active oxygen and a free radical and balance of defense antioxidant Active Oxygen Injury is generated. Oxidation stress Various diseases are caused Aging, Carcinogenesis, Arteriosclerosis, Diabetic, Nephritis, Cataract, Fat hepatitis etc Active Oxygen antioxidant Injury doesn't occur even if an active oxygen and a free radical have been generated The defense response is caused Adaptive response etc In cancer, meal and the cigarette are often causes Cause of cancer Alcohol Food additive Medicine Industrial products Smoking Infection Unknown Sex act Pollution Radiation Occupation environment Meal Ultraviolet rays Lung cancer, Larynx cancer, Esophagus cancer Presumption value of the best Stomach Cancer, Large intestine cancer, Breast cancer Medicine, Medical Industrial Products Food additive Environmental Pollution Geological features and physical factor Alcohol Occupation Sex life (Birth. etc) Infection Smoking Food Factor of stomach cancer : foods(WCRF,1997) Level of evidence High risk factor Certainly Probably Control factor Vegetables Fruits Salt Freezing and refrigeration preservations Vitamin C Possibility Irrelevance Starch Broiled meat and fish Insufficiency Preservation meats such as smoked food and dryness Nitrosoamine Carotine Allium compound All grain cereals Green tea Fiber Selenium Garlic Alcohol Coffee Tea Nitrate Sugar Vitamin E Retinol Relation to cancer related to drinking custom a and drinking mortality rate Times Non-smoker Smoker No alcohol sometimes 180ml 2days 180ml everyday 360ml everyday 720ml everyday Internal organs was excised surgically greatly in the past and it prevented a recurrence. However, it human treats by radiotherapy that keeps qualify of life (QOL). Ionizing radiation Ionizing Sec. Radical formation Sec. Natural radioactivity 1mSv/year Chemical reaction Sec. Molecule Secondary Direct action Especially, the HO radical etc. can be done with the water molecu ereclron Biomolecular resolution and constructing A general person during year is 1mSv. a bridge such as DNA, etc The medic assumes 100mSv or less for five years Stochastic effect Nonstochastic Various following Inheritance, carcinogenesis, and aging effect changes The X-ray check is avoided until Sperm 2 weeks and 15 weeks of the Lymphocyte Lymphocyte and a sperm decrease (The number of pregnancy before red blood corpuscles doesn't decrease at once Sweat gland the menstruation hair because it has a long life) Ion It is necessary to nurse strong Anorexia and other symptoms in a large amount of irradiation Skin Transfusion with marrow 1.5L which the HLA antigen is near. A normal blood corpuscle is made from the stem cell 1-3 months after Marrow (blood formation) Because the infection resistance power decreases, it puts in an aseptic sickroom, Cancer organization and the antibiotic and the antibody are used It appears by 5Sv1 1Sv several-time times Erythema and depilation (The hands and feet's irradiation is not fatal) It irradiates it to cancer 20 times for two months 3Sv The ratio of amount of the focus gland/amount o the skin gland is raised by the multi gate irradiation Death of bone narrow Lethal dose of whole body (Infection death in several weeks) The cell of leukemia is irradiated by the twice the lethal dose and the bone marrow transplantation killing afterwards Death of digestive tube (Several days after, Diarrhea) Digestive tube The organ of importance such as gonads protects only cutting while irradiating it Death of Lung A day after Death of central nerve more Several seconds-several minutes Early detection and treatment by new and powerful machines Helical CT Lung cancer of one centimeter in diameter Bad change in food group intake (1995→2002) 20 Amount of increase and decrease (%) 10 A decrease in necessary food intake for cancer prevention 0 -10 -20 Brightly colored vegetables Beans Seafood Potato Healthy Japan 21,”Tentative nearest results value in healthy Japan 21 to target value (2005)”, Available from <http://ml-www.kenkounippon21.gr.jp/kenkounippon21/ugoki/houkoku/pdf/0410mokuhyou_zanteiti.pdf>, (accessed 200711-4) Japan-U.S. comparison of consumption of vegetable a person The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 「Food supply and demand figures」 a year) 1985 1990 Japan US 1995 2000 Transition of death rate by cancer per 100,000 people Japan Morbidity rate Death rate US NCI Death rate The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare per 100,000 people per 100,000 people US Let’s eat vegetable and fruit everyday! LIFE Accomplishment rate 250% in the cancer field of healthy people 2000. (green) A vegetable intake decrease of Japan. Colon Cervical Breast Lung The cigarette of Japan is 270 yen a box. Is Europe and America 700-900 yen a box All The idea of the adult smoking reducing by half was deleted in healthy Japan 21. 男 女 の 口 States腔 癌cancer Big success in the United prevention (green pillar) 野菜/果物目標達成 Vegetable and grain intake increase To prevent Cancer : 12 Point (The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare) It makes to the table with various foods, and nourishment where be able the balance is taken. It will be conventional. Eating habits with the change are done every day The delicious one is made a proper quantity. The overeating is avoided, and fat is done with unassuming modesty Alcohol healthily enjoys the proper quantity No smoking is borne in mind. Especially, a new smoking habit is stopped Enough brightly colored vegetables are taken. A lot of vitamin of proper quantity and fibered things are taken from food It eats the salty one few, and after it cools it, it eats the too hot one. Treat the stomach and the gullet kindly A burned part is avoided. The mutation is caused The one that mold grew is noted. It checks it without fail before it eats It doesn't get some sun too much. The sun is a little harmful Let's throw a good sweat. and exercise moderately Health mind! The body to cleanness Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.139