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Today you will: • Know about devices you can use in your compositions and that you will come across in the Listening Exam • To understand the different types of scales found in music • By the end of the lesson you will be able to: • Accurately identify devices and scales used in melodies through listening and performing activities Different types of scales • Scales are the basis of all music • A scale is a group of notes played in descending or ascending order • Here are some scales you need to know at GCSE: Pentatonic Chromatic Whole – tone – scale Diatonic scales Pentatonic • • • • Pentagon is a 5 sided shape Pentatonic is a scale which uses 5 notes Most obvious one is all the black notes The most common pentatonic scale has no semitones (next door notes) • Every note is either a tone (2 next door notes) or more away from the next note in the scale • Has an oriental, Chinese flavour to the music and used a lot in Celtic and Scottish folk music e.g. Auld Lang Syne Chromatic Scale • ‘Chroma’ is the Greek word meaning ‘colour’ • The chromatic scale is the one using the 12 notes of an octave and with all these notes a composer can make any ‘colour’ in their work • All notes are semitones or next door notes • Music that makes heavy use of chromatic notes sounds magnificent and complex • It is also used a lot in horror music Whole-tone-scale • This scale is what it says it is i.e. every step from one note to the next is a whole tone (not a semitone) • This creates a scale of 6 pitches • This music sounds airy, flimsy, fluffy and weightless • Debussy, a French composer used a lot of whole-tonescales in his music • Name the whole tones starting on C Diatonic Scales • Most Western music uses diatonic scales • They are 7 note scales using 5 tones and 2 semitones to arrive at the note an octave higher than where it started • Major scale – TTSTTTS (all white notes starting on C) happy sound • Minor scale – TSTTSTT (melodic minor) – dark, depressing sound Harmonic Minor Scale - To play a harmonic minor scale, you simply raise the seventh note of the scale by a half-step as you go up and down the scale. For example: Natural C Minor Scale = C - D - Eb - F - G - Ab - Bb - C Harmonic C Minor Scale = C - D - Eb - F - G - Ab - B - C Identify different scales Place number of extract in correct scale circle Chromatic Pentatonic Whole-tone-scale Diatonic scale major Diatonic scale Minor