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Reflexivity and Anthropological Knowledge What is reflexivity? Reflexivity and cultural phenomena: turn to subjectivity • Changes in the sciences: Kuhn (the structure of Scientific Revolution, 1962). • ---Geertz’s notion of Blurred Genres, 1980 • --exegesis; critical interpretation • Arts and Social Sciences: autobiographies as an avenue for self-expression(Mead) • Technique of inquiry (Oscar Lewis, Anthrop of Poverty) • In the arts: painting, theatre, etc. Turn to subjectivity in New Journalism • • • • • Resembles to ethnography Naïve concept of reality Value free “The world is as it appears to be” Author as a vehicle to transmit reality Reflexivity and Anthropology • to examine a field problem (machismo, gender relations, etc) • to examine anthropology itself (critique of our methods, history, theories) • as a tool for gathering data (technique of inquiry) • to publicly examine the anthropologist's response to the field situation (by exposing the methodology) The paradox/dilemma within anthropology • the more the anthrop attempts to fulfill his scientific obligation to report on methods, the more he must acknowledge his own behaviour and the persona as a data • Statements on the method them appear to be more personal, subjective, biased, Anthropologists cope with the dilemma by: • Trying to become scientific (less subjective) • Hiding on academic slogans List of four factors for the emergence of reflexivity in Anthropology (Nash and Wintrob, 1972) • increase personal involvement of ethnographers with their subjects • the democratization of anthropology (more people becoming anthrop, other classes, other cultures) • multiple fields studies of the same culture • independence of native peoples