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Transcript
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown (1881 Birmingham -1955 London) His Understanding and Views of Social Anthropology: - Social anthropology is the theoretical natural science of human society. - One may call it ’comparative sociology’. - from 1910 onwards, sociological approach (Durkheim, Steinmetz, Westermarck) - The task of the anthropologist is simply to provide scientific appraisal of the situation which the administrator faces, not to advocate policies. - sudden move a way from Rivers and Hadon ( regarded genealogies of native by Rivers as failure) Criticism on RB’s Functional Structuralism • Functional structuralism His Life • • • • • • • • • • • 1904: became River’s first pupil in anthropology at Cambridge 1906-08: Andaman Islands 1909-10: Lectures at Cambridge, advocating Durkheim’s views 1910-12: Australian aborigines: ‘survey and slavage ethnography’, research of traditional marriage systems (Rivers, Seligmann) with Grant Watson, Mrs Daisy Bates, Olsen. 1914: school-master in Sydney 1916-19: Director of Education in the Kingdom of Tonga 1921: Established Dept. of Anthropology and a School of African Studies at the University of Cape Town: beginning of important publications. 1926-31: Established Dept. Of Anthropology in Sydney (unsuccessfully) 1930-31: “The Social Organisation of Australian Tribes” 1931: Chicago • 1937-46: appointed to the first chair of social anthropology at Oxford Influences • By Durkheim (before Wold War I): The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, meanings and purpose of customs should be analysed in their contemporary context. Theories of function of ceremonial customs were applied mechanically by RB. • Durkheim insisted that social facts should be treated as objective phenomena. • Année-School: French school of sociology by Durkheim before WWI • 1931, Chicago, American school of Ant.:trends: diffusionist approach of Boas; movement towards ‘culture and personality’ studies, influenced by psychology, psychoanalysis and gestalt theory. RB influenced Eggan, Tax and Warner • RB was influenced by the evoluntionism of Spencer RB Methods • Abstract the social form in a number of societies is followed by comparison and classification • One should compare societies that are culturally and ethnically related and uncover the general characteristics • understand peculiarities by comparison with better-known examples (Kuper 1996:51) • Ultimate goal: to formulate generalisations about common features in all human societies. These generalisations would constitute social laws. (Kuper 1996:51) The contributions of RadcliffeBrown • introduced the intellectual discipline of French sociology • constructed new concepts to order ethnographic material • focus on the formal situation, rules and ritual (in opposition to Malinowski’s interest in individual motivation and strategy) • set an example of analytic method with his first monograph in 1922. • divided customs into three types: 1. Techniques, 2. Rules of behaviour, 3. Ceremonial customs (formal weeping in Andamanese ceremonies) • presented a remarkable synthesis of Australian social organisation, though his models have been recast • after WWI, RB and Mauss developed Durkheim’s sociology • Mauss’ theory was joined by RB to the theory of Malinowskian tradition of fieldwork. (Kuper 1996:49) RB Publications • A Natural Science of History: transcript of a seminar, Chicago 1937 • 1935: • 1940: • 1952: Structure and Function in Primitive Society