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5.1 Mendelian Inheritance Monks are known for many things… Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) • Austrian monk • “the father of modern genetics” • https://www.youtube .com/watch?v=0vAA f4g5iF8 Pea Plant Experiments • Mendel crossed true-breeding plants (the P generation) to form hybrids (the F1 generation) • F1 generation were monohybrids because they differed only in 1 characteristic Mendel’s conclusions • organisms carry 2 “factors” for each trait, one from each parent • factors can be dominant or recessive • law of segregation explains how only one copy of each gene is in gametes Take a look at yourself… Which characteristics do you think are dominant or recessive? Cheek Dimples • cheek dimples are dominant Brown/black eyes? • brown/black eyes are dominant over blue/green eyes Attached Earlobes? • attached earlobes are recessive Widow’s Peak? • pointed hairline is dominant over straight hairline Hitchhiker’s thumb? • a straight thumb is dominant over a bent thumb Tongue roller? • the ability to roll your tongue is dominant Left thumb on top? • when you fold your hands, the left thumb on top is dominant over the right thumb on top 6 fingers? • polydactyly is dominant How are these traits inherited? Back to Mendel… More terms… • alleles are specific forms of genes; some alleles are dominant, some recessive • phenotype is the outward appearance of the genotype, which is the set of alleles an individual has • genotypes can be homozygous or heterozygous Punnett square • chart that organizes the possible combination of “factors” in offspring • See this website for a simple animation on creating a Punnett square: • http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/dnatoday/g enepool/genepool%20think.html Test Cross • An individual has the dominant phenotype for a trait. • How can you determine if the individual’s genotype is homozygous or heterozygous? • Do a test cross…