Download Objectives

Chapter 1
Biology and You
Section 1: Themes of Biology
Section 2: Biology in Your World
Section 3: Scientific Processes
Section 1
Themes of Biology
Objectives:
•Relate the seven properties of life to a living
organism.
•Describe seven themes that can help you organize
what you learn about biology.
•Identify the tiny structures that make up all living
organisms.
•Differentiate between reproduction and heredity
and between metabolism and homeostasis.
Section 1
Themes of Biology
Characteristics of Living Organisms
•Organisms Living organisms are diverse but share
certain characteristics.
•Properties of Life Seven themes unify the science
of biology: cellular structure and function,
reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity,
evolution, and interdependence.
Section 1
Themes of Biology
Unifying Themes of Biology
•Cellular Structure and Function All living
organisms are composed of cells.
•Reproduction Living organisms reproduce,
producing offspring similar to themselves.
•Metabolism Living organisms obtain and use
energy to stay alive, grow, and develop.
•Homeostasis All living organisms respond to their
environment and are able to maintain homeostasis.
Section 1
Themes of Biology
Unifying Themes of Biology continued
•Heredity All living things are able to pass on traits
to their offspring through genes that are passed
from parent to offspring each generation.
•Evolution Evolution has shaped all of life’s
diversity.
•Interdependence All living organisms depend on
one another and their environment.
Section 2
Biology in Your World
Objectives:
•Evaluate the impact of scientific research on the
environment.
•Evaluate the impact of scientific research on society
with respect to increasing food supplies.
•Explain the primary task of the Human Genome
Project.
•Describe the contributions of scientists in
fighting AIDS and cancer.
•Define the term gene therapy.
Section 2
Biology in Your World
Solving Real-World Problems
•Preserving Our Environment Pollution of the
atmosphere, extinction of plants and animals, and a
growing demand for food are current environmental
problems caused by the growing human population.
•Improving the Food Supply Genetic engineering
is used to develop crops that require fewer
fertilizers and pesticides and to develop new crops.
•Understanding the Human Genome Scientists
are sequencing every human gene, which will be an
invaluable tool in medical research.
Section 2
Biology in Your World
Fighting Disease
•AIDS and Cancer Biological research and new
technologies will help scientists battle diseases such
as AIDS and cancer.
•Emerging Diseases The past few years have seen
the emergence of new diseases from other parts of
the world such as West Nile virus.
•Gene Therapy Gene therapy will help scientists
fight genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis,
muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia.
Section 3
Scientific Processes
Objectives:
•Describe the stages common to scientific
investigations.
•Distinguish between forming a hypothesis and
making a prediction.
•Differentiate a control group from an
experimental group and an independent variable
from a dependent variable.
•Define the word theory as used by a scientist.
Section 3
Scientific Processes
Observation: The Basis of Scientific
Research
•Solving Scientific Puzzles All scientists have a
certain way of investigating the world.
•Observation Observation is the act of noting or
perceiving objects or events using the senses.
Section 3
Scientific Processes
Stages of Scientific Investigations
•Collecting Observations and Asking Questions
Scientists add to scientific knowledge by sharing
observations and posing questions about observations.
•Forming Hypotheses and Making Predictions
Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as making
predictions, are important in scientific investigations.
•Confirming Predictions In a controlled
experiment, the independent variable is varied
between the experimental and control groups. The
measured variable is the dependent variable.
Section 3
Scientific Processes
Stages of Scientific
Investigations continued
•Drawing Conclusions Hypotheses can be supported
or rejected, but never proven.
•Viewing Conclusions in Context Many important
scientific questions have more than one answer, such
as in determining the causes of the global decline in
amphibians.
Section 3
Scientific Processes
Scientific Explanations
•Constructing a Theory A collection of hypotheses
that have been repeatedly tested and are supported by a
great deal of evidence forms a theory.