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Warm Up 1
1.In corn, normal kernels (N) are dominant to
waxy kernels. If you crossed a waxy kernel plant
to a heterozygous normal plant what type of
seeds would be produced?
2.In humans, tongue rolling (T) is a dominant
trait, those with the recessive condition
cannot roll their tongues. Bob can roll his
tongue, but his mother could not. He is
married to Sally, who cannot roll her tongue.
What is the probability that their first born
child will not be able to roll his tongue?
Beyond Dominant and
Recessive Alleles
How might this trait
be inherited so that
more than two
phenotypes are
possible?
OBJECTIVE:
Define the different
types of complex
inheritance patterns.
REVIEW: Mendelian
Mendel: Studied pea plants
Dominant or recessive
Phenotype: Yellow, Green
Genotype: AA, Aa, aa
Non-Mendelian
Some alleles are neither
dominant nor recessive,
and many traits are
controlled by multiple
alleles or multiple genes.
4 different patterns
1) Incomplete Dominance
2) Codominance
3) Multiple Alleles
4) Polygenic
All inherit different traits
Incomplete Dominance
No allele is
completely dominant
over another
4 o’clock flowers
Incomplete Dominance
CC
CS
SS
Sickle Cell Anemia
NN - Normal Blood Cells
Nn – Produce Both Normal
and Sickled Red Blood Cells
nn - Sickle Cell Anemia
50% chance of death by age
20
• Oompah Loopas can have red, blue or purple hair. Purple
hair results from the heterozygous condition.
• Odie Oompah has red hair and mates with Ona Oompah
who has blue hair.
• What percent of their offspring have purple hair?
• First, make a “key”
Codominance
Both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Codominance
What is the difference
between incomplete
dominance and
codominance?
Multiple Alleles
Genes with more than 2 alleles
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Traits
Traits controlled by 2
or more genes
Range of phenotypes
height, nose size, foot
size, skin color
• 1) Incomplete Dominance
• 2) Codominance
• 3) Multiple Alleles
• 4) Polygenic
Different traits and organisms
inherit through different
patterns.