Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Probability and Punnett Squares Copy what is in yellow Probabililty The likelihood that a particular event will occur. Flip a coin…what is the probablity it will land on heads? Does your probablility change depending on how many times you flip the coin? Principles of probability can be used to PREDICT the outcome of genetic crosses. But… Probability cannot predict the exact or precise outcome of an event! Punnett Square Diagram showing gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross. Law of Segregation: the separation of alleles during gamete formation. Monohybrid Cross: punnett square cross looking at one trait. Dihybrid Cross: Punnett square cross looking at two traits Ratios: Add up to 4!! Phenotypic ratio: physical appearance of offspring : # of recessive # of dominant Ex: 2 white flowers : 2 red flowers Genotypic ratio: combinations of letter pairings # homozygous : # heterozygous : # homozygous dominant recessive Ex: 1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. There are four main concepts related to this principle. A gene can exist in more than one form. Organisms inherit two alleles for each trait. When gametes are produced (by meiosis), allele pairs separate leaving each cell with a single allele for each trait. When the two alleles of a pair are different, one is dominant and the other is recessive. Punnett Square Practice #1 What would be the outcome of crossing a heterozygous tongue rolling parent with a homozygous non tongue rolling parent? The ability to roll your tongue is dominant. Heterozygous = Aa Homozygous = aa Punnett Square Practice #2 What would be the outcome of crossing a heterozygous long haired cat with a homozygous long haired cat? Long Hair is the Dominant Trait Heterozygous = Ll Homozygous = LL Punnett Square #3 What would be the outcome of crossing a homozygous dominant tongue roller with a non tongue roller? Homozygous Non Dominant ? Tongue Roller (recessive) ?