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 Understanding
Animal
Reproduction and
Biotechnology
 Understanding
Molecular
Biotechnology
Interest Approach
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What does the word “biotechnology” mean
to you? What do you think of when you
hear the word “biotechnology?”
Next Generation Science / Common Core
Standards Addressed!
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RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of
science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the
author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account.
(HS-LS4-1),(HS-LS4-2),(HS-LS4-3),(HS-LS4-4)
RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and
conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when
possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other
sources of information. (HS-LS4-5)
WHST.9-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the
narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or
technical processes. (HS-LS4-1),(HS-LS4- 2),(HS-LS4-3),(HS-LS44)
Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource
Standards Addressed!
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BS.01.01. Investigate and explain the relationship between past,
current and emerging applications of biotechnology in agriculture
(e.g., major innovators, historical developments, potential
applications of biotechnology, etc.).
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BS.01.01.03.a. Distinguish between current and emerging applications
of biotechnology in agriculture.
Student Learning Objectives
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1. Identify the major areas of
biotechnology in animal science.
2. Explain various molecular
biotechnology methods.
3. Discuss applications of molecular
biotechnology.
Terms
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Animal biotechnology
Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Gene transfer
Microinjection
Molecular
biotechnology
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Organismic
biotechnology
Particle injection
Plasmids
Recombinant DNA
Transgene
Transgenic animal
What are the major areas of
biotechnology in animal science?
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I. Biotechnology is the management of
biological systems for the benefit of people and
their environment. It is also viewed as the
application of science in food and fiber
production.
Animal biotechnology is the application of
biotechnology methods to improve animals.
There are two major areas of biotechnology.
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Biotechnology has
been used for
hundreds of years.
Using yeast to make
bread and bacteria to
make cheese are
everyday examples of
biotechnology
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A. Molecular biotechnology is changing
the structure and parts of cells to change
the organism. It begins with the atom.
Molecular biotechnology often changes
the physical appearance of an organism.
In some cases, undesirable traits may
develop along with those that are desired.
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B. Organismic biotechnology deals with
intact or complete organisms.
The genetic makeup of the organism is not
artificially changed. This is the most widely
used type of biotechnology.
What are some of the various
molecular biotechnology methods?
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A. Genetic Engineering is a form of
biotechnology in which genetic information is
changed to make a new product. Through this
process, sections of the DNA strand are cut out
and new sections are inserted.
Gene transfer is the moving of a gene from
one organism to another. Genetic engineering is
a means of complementing traditional breeding
programs.
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B. Recombinant DNA is
gene slicing. Genes are
cut out of a DNA strand
with a restriction enzyme
that works like a scalpel.
They are then inserted
into circular DNA
molecules in bacteria
plasmids.
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Plasmids are circular
pieces of DNA found
outside the nucleus in
bacteria. It is inserted into
the cell that is to be
altered.
This complicated and
complex procedure
allows the DNA of two
different organisms to be
combined.
Most cells die in the
process. Many surviving
cells do not have the new
DNA present in the
nucleus
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C. A transgenic animal
is an animal that has
incorporated a foreign
gene into its cells.
This animal can pass to
its offspring this
transgene, or altered
gene.
All of the cells within the
transgenic animal contain
this transgene.
Some common transgenic
methods are:
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1. Microinjection—This is the most common
method used. Injecting DNA into a cell using a
fine diameter glass needle and a microscope.
2. Particle injection is using a micro projectile
unit to shoot tiny particles coated with DNA into
cells. Micro projectile units are sometimes called
particle guns. Both methods have relatively low
success rates.
 What
are some of the
applications of
molecular
biotechnology?
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A. Human Health—
Animals are being
used to study several
different types of
diseases found in
humans. Insulin was
once extracted from
the pancreas of
slaughtered cattle
and hogs.
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This extraction process
was very expensive.
Sometime the animal
insulin caused allergic
reactions to the diabetics
who used it.
Through molecular
biotechnology, insulin is
now produced artificially
in laboratories that is
higher quality and less
expensive to produce.
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B. Food production—
Increasing the levels
of beta casein in milk
decreases the time
required for rennet
coagulation and whey
expulsion in making
cheese.
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This lowers total processing
time and cost. Also with
biotechnology, the fat content
in milk can be reduced to
make fat-free cheese and ice
cream. If a substance known
as kappa casein is increased
5 percent in milk, it makes it
more stable and easier to ship
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C. Livestock production—
The use of biotechnology
has increased growth
rate, efficiency, and
disease resistance in
livestock. This has made
livestock production cost
decline and aids in the
supply of a low cost food
supply.
Review/ Summary
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1. What are the major areas of
biotechnology in animal science?
2. What are various molecular
biotechnology methods?
3. What are some applications of
molecular biotechnology?
The End!