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Download Heredity - Maple Heights City Schools
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DNA stores all of the information that makes each of us who we are. Controls the traits we possess Trait=Physical Characteristic Examples include skin color, eye color, height, eye sight, hair color, etc.... Heredity= The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring. Gene= Basic unit of heredity; a group of DNA Inherited traits are controlled by genes ◦ Example: eye color Allele= Variation of a gene ◦ Example: Blue eyes or Brown Eyes Reproduction that occurs when one organism produces offspring with identical DNA as the parent Advantage: Quick and only requires one organism to reproduce. Disadvantage: All offspring are identical or “clones” of the parent, no genetic diversity Reproduction that occurs between two organisms that result in the offspring getting DNA from both parents Advantages: Greater genetic diversity Disadvantages: Takes two organisms and more energy. In sexual reproduction, offspring receive one allele from each parent. One allele is dominant to the other allele The dominant allele is always expressed when present in an offspring ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Example: Eye Color Brown is dominant=B Blue is recessive=b If one brown allele is present the offspring will have brown eyes Punnet Squares are used to predict the traits of the offspring between two parents based on their alleles. Parent 1 Parent 2 B b BB Bb bB Bb B Brown Eyes Brown Eyes b Brown Eyes Blue Eyes Parent 1 B Parent 2 B b B Parent 1 Parent 2 B b B B BB BB Brown Eyes Brown Eyes bB BB Brown Eyes Brown Eyes Parent 1 B Parent 2 b b b Parent 1 Parent 2 b b B b bB bb Brown Eyes Blue Eyes bB bb Brown Eyes Blue Eyes Parent 1 B Parent 2 B B b Parent 1 Parent 2 B B B b BB Bb Brown Eyes Brown Eyes BB Bb Brown Eyes Brown Eyes
