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Download Genetics - Spring Branch ISD
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Genetics Vocabulary Terms 1. Heredity- the passing of traits from parents to offspring 2. Genetics- the science of heredity 3. Gregor Mendel- the Father of Genetics 4. Generation- all of the offspring born at the same time from the same parents 5. Diverse- having variations or differences in traits in organisms within a population 6. Offspring- the products of reproduction 7. Trait- characteristics such as leaf shape or eye color that are passed from parent to offspring 8. Allele- the different forms of a gene 9. Dominant allele- An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present 10. Recessive allele- An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present 11. Gene- the section of DNA that codes for one specific trait 12. Punnett square- a tool that shows how genes can combine; used to predict the results of genetic crosses 13. Homozygous- an organism with two identical alleles for a trait 14. Heterozygous- an organism with a dominant and recessive allele for a trait 15. Hybrid- an organism with both a dominant and recessive allele for a trait 16. Phenotype- the external appearance of an organism 17. Genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism 18. Asexual reproduction- the production of offspring by a single parent, without the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell. Uniform offspring 19. Sexual reproduction - the reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents. Diverse offspring. DNA Vocabulary Terms 1. Cells- basic building blocks of living organisms 2. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid; consists of strands of molecules that code and store genetic information; located in the nucleus of a cell 3. Chromosomes- threadlike structures made of DNA that are in the nucleus of all cells 4. Watson and Crick- scientists who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule 5. Double helix- the shape of a DNA molecule, twisted ladder 6. Nucleotide- a portion of the DNA molecule that consists of a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base 7. Adenine- a nitrogen base that pairs with thymine 8. Thymine- a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine 9. Guanine- a nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine 10. Cytosine- a nitrogen base that pairs with guanine 11. Sugar and phosphate molecules- form the side of the DNA molecule
