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Genetics: Why we are the way We are. GENE – code for a specific trait Image taken from: http://science.howstuffworks.co m/life/cellularmicroscopic/cell7.htm EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 DNA - genetic material that carries information about the organism Image taken from http://www.medicalde vicepatentattorneys.co m/2012/12/articles/dis cussion-on-the-genepatent-debate/ EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 CHROMOSOME – a threadlike cellular structure that carries genetic information Image taken from http://www.futurity.o rg/tag/chromosome/ EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 NUCLEUS – control center of the cell that direct’s the cells activities Image taken from http://www.buzzle .com/articles/cellnucleus-structureandfunctions.html EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 CELL – the basic unit of structure and function in living things Image taken from http://www.phoeni x5.org/glossary/ce lls.html EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 Image taken from http://education.technyou. edu.au/book/export/html/ 91 • There are 100 trillion cells inside the average human. Each nucleus contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 • One chromosome in every pair comes from each parent •The chromosomes contain tightly coiled strands of DNA •Genes are sections of DNA that contain the codes for building proteins. Sexual Reproduction EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 vs Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Two parents Sex cells: sperm and egg Sperm and egg join= fertilization Offspring look different from parent EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction One parent No sex cells Offspring produced by cell division Offspring identical to parent (same DNA) Several types in plants and animals EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Organism divides in half Two identical daughter cells produced Daughter cells are half the parent’s size Daughter cells grow, then divide too Ex: bacteria EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Small bud grows out of parent cell Two different sized cells made (with identical DNA) Bud breaks off and grows Ex: yeast and hydra EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014 Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction Type of Reproduction Sexual Asexual Advantages Disadvantages diversity of offspring requires a mate to reproduce offspring less like to have mutations show up slower population growth does not require a mate for reproduction to take place lack of diversity in offspring can increase population rapidly reproduce genetically identical to parents, the offspring inherit any mutations of the parents EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014