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Thomas Jefferson Middle School NJ Ask Life Science Review Created by: Mr. Altorfer Just a few reminders to help you to do your best on the NJ ASK. Cells The Cell Theory- Cells Two Types of Cells: – Prokaryotic Cells: Cells that do not contain a nucleus or organized organelles. Example- Bacteria Cells – Eukaryotic-: Cells that contain a nucleus and organized (membrane bound) organelles. Example: Plant and animal cells Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus or organized organelles. Plant vs. Animal Cells Classification of Living Things King Phillip came over for good spaghetti! Classification of Living Things Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells (sperm & egg). – One parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Example: Bacteria Asexual Reproduction The parent cell splits or divides to from a new cell! They are both the same! No genetic variation. Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction in which the sex cells (sperm & egg) from two parents unite to produce offspring that share the traits (characteristics) of both parents. – Example: People, animals, plants Sexual Reproduction As a result of sexual reproduction the offspring share the traits or characteristics of both parents. Sexual Reproduction Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis? What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis? Six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of water to form 1 molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. What is Cellular Respiration? What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular Respiration- The process that cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. SUMMARY Photosynthesis Genetics Yellow Pod Green pod Yellow Pod Yellow pod Big “Y” is dominant over little “y” A Punnet Square is a tool that can be used to show how traits (genes) will be passed on from one generation to the next. Genetics Genotype vs. Phenotype Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism. Phenotype- An organism’s appearance. (What the organism looks like) Genetics Here the relation between genotype and phenotype is illustrated, using a Punnett square, for the character of petal color in pea. The letters B and b represent genes for color and the pictures show the resultant flowers. DNA DNA- A double helix molecule that carries all the inherited characteristics of an organism. – Your genes are found on your DNA. – Half your genes come from your mom, the other half come from your dad. The Structure of DNA The letters represent a structure called a base. A = Adenine T = Thymine G = Guanine C = Cytosine Mutations When DNA is copied incorrectly mutations occur! Levels of Organization Organ Systems Nervous System, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive system Organ Systems Circulatory System Digestive System Abiotic vs. Biotic Abiotic- The non-living parts of the environment. (rocks, air, water, light, temperature) Biotic- The living factors in the environment, (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi) Abiotic vs. Biotic