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Living Things 1. Reference cell – the smallest structure of a living organism 2. theory - a well-supported collection of ideas that explains the natural world 3. organelles - cell parts that perform specific functions 4. chloroplasts - organelles, found only in plant cells, in which sugar is made during photosynthesis 5. cell wall - a stiff outer layer that surrounds a plant cell, protects it, and gives it shape 6. nucleus - the control center of a cell that directs the cell's activities 7. chromosomes - structures in the nucleus that contain an organism's genetic information and regulate the cell's activities 8. tissue - a group of specialized cells with the same structure and function 9. organ - a structure that contains at least two types of tissue that work together to perform a specific function 10. organ system - a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function 11. organism – all the organ systems working together to ensure survival 12. genes - pieces of DNA that carry all the information passed from parents to their offspring 13. DNA - the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical that provides detailed instructions for cells, an individual’s biological “fingerprint” 14. sexual reproduction - a type of reproduction in which a sperm cell and an egg cell unite to form a single cell 15. asexual reproduction - a type of reproduction in which a new organism is formed without the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell