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Development of a Bovine Macrophage Specific cDNA Library to Investigate Tropical Theileriosis Kirsty Jensen Tropical Theileriosis Causative agent: Vector: Prevalence: Economic impact: Theileria annulata Hyalomma ticks 200 million cattle at risk $384.3 million in India/year Cytospin of T. annulata Infected Macrophages Cattle Breeds Exhibiting Differential Response to T. annulata Infection. Sahiwal Bos indicus Holstein-Friesian Bos taurus Tropical Theileriosis • The breed-specific divergence in disease progression coincides with the schizont stage of the parasite. • Previous work has implicated the infected macrophage as being central to:– the progression of the disease. – the breed-specific differences. Aims • To investigate the host-pathogen interactions between bovine macrophages and T. annulata. • To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the breed-specific resistance of cattle to tropical theileriosis. Bovine Microarrays Microarray Format Source of Material BOTL cDNA Bovine total leukocyte cDNA library & immune gene amplicons Pyxis CattleArray 7600 cDNA Bovine spleen & placental cDNA libraries NBFGC cDNA MARC & BARC cDNA libraries BMAM cDNA MARC & BARC cDNA libraries Mammary gland specific Endometrial/placental microarray cDNA Bovine placental & endometrial cDNA libraries Bovine immuneendocrine microarray cDNA Bovine immune & endocrine gene amplicons Bovine MHC class I microarray oligos BoLA DRB3 & DQA sequences RIGUA oligos Bovine immune & inflammatory gene amplicons Affymetrix oligos Various cDNA libraries ARK-Genomics cDNA Various cDNA libraries cDNA Microarray Source of clones: Publicly available resources Collaboration In house library construction cDNA Microarray Construction of cDNA library Tissue Tissue status Normalization v Subtraction Normalization Subtraction RNA RT-PCR Denaturation & Reannealing Denaturation & Reannealing Column Purification Column Purification Bovine Macrophage cDNA Library Normalized Bos taurus & Bos indicus Bovine monocytes Monocytes infected in vitro with T. annulata 1, 4, 12, 24, 48 & 96 hour post infection Resting monocytes Activated monocytes PMA & Ionomycin 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 & 24 hour post activation Bovine macrophage cDNA library Activated monocytes LPS & IFN- 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 & 24 hour post activation Established ex vivo T. annulata infected cell lines Sequence Analysis • 10,000 clones were sequenced in collaboration with the Sanger Institute • Initial analysis – Assessment of library quality: • Quality of sequences • Sequence length • Cluster analysis within the library Sequence Analysis • Cluster analysis with EMBL bovine EST dataset. • Cluster analysis with EMBL Theileria annulata EST dataset. • BLAST analysis with EMBL EST & NR datasets • BLAST analysis with human ENSEMBL dataset. Composition of the Bovine Macrophage Library Unique 45.0% Bovine 41.2% RT-PCR Analysis of Unique Sequences Monocytes Activated Infected Ovarian Parasite + GAPDH Tams1 U2 U8 - + - + - + - RT enzyme GO Ontologies: Biological Processes Cancer related Immune response Response to stress Cell adhesion Cell communication Cell surface linked signal transduction Intracellular signaling cascade Cell organization & biogenesis Cell growth and/or maintenance Cell cycle Cell proliferation Cell death Metabolism Transport Others Composition of the bovine macrophage microarray Source & Description Number Bovine Macrophage Library ENSEMBL & BLASTN hits EST hits bovine human other Represent unique clusters ESTscan hits Singletons 2372 1076 139 43 234 204 632 MARC1-4/BARC5 312 Amplicons 25 Total 5037 Microarray Experiments • Experiment 1. Investigation of the gene expression dynamics of Holstein & Sahiwal derived macrophages at 2 & 72 hours post T. annulata infection. – 1) Host-pathogen interactions. – 2) Breed-specific differences. • Experiment 2. Investigation of the gene expression dynamics of Holstein & Sahiwal derived macrophages at 2 & 16 hours post LPS & IFN- activation. The BoMP Microarray Infection Study • Over 500 genes have been identified that exhibit differential expression during infection (P<0.05, fold change >2). • Over 100 genes have been identified that exhibit breed-specific differential expression during infection (P<0.05, fold change >2). • Over 20 of these genes exhibit breed-specific differential expression in resting cells (P<0.05, fold change >2). Breed-Specific Differential Expression in Unactivated Monocytes. 4 Fib 2 0 -2 CD9 -4 -6 AOX1 -8 - 10 - 12 Holstein Sahiwal NF-kB AP 373 C1r Validation of Microarray Results Holstein H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 28s AOX1 NF-kB AP 373 C1r Fib CD9 Sahiwal S1 S2 S3 S4 N Validation of Microarray Results 30 Fibronectin CD9 mRNA fold change 25 20 15 10 5 0 H1 H2 H3 Holstein H4 H5 S1 S2 S3 Sahiwal S4 S5 Acknowledgements Roslin Institute Liz Glass Mary Clapperton Susan Craigmile Edith Paxton Giles Makins John Williams Wilson Lee David Speed ARK-Genomics Facility Richard Talbot Alison Downing Frazer Murray University of Edinburgh Paul Wright ENMV, Tunisia Mohammad Darghouth Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre Ruth Taylor Jane Rogers BBSRC