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WWII and Cold War Review – US History II 1. _________ A major reason for United States neutrality in the 1930s was the nation's A. B. C. D. belief in the domino theory disillusionment resulting from World War I strong approval of political conditions in Europe military and naval superiority 2. _________ 5. _________ One important result of the Red Scare of the 1920s and the McCarthy Era of the 1950s was the realization that A. B. C. D. large numbers of Soviet agents had infiltrated high levels of the federal government fears of subversion can lead to the erosion of constitutional liberties communism gains influence in times of economic prosperity loyalty oaths by government employees prevent espionage "Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants." 6. _________ - William Pitt Which event best supports the viewpoint expressed in this quotation? A. B. C. D. signing of the US Declaration of Independence US declaration of war following the bombing of Pearl Harbor the internment of Japanese-Americans during WW II Nuremberg trials following WW II Prior to United States entry into both World War I and World War II, United States foreign policy changed from isolationism to involvement mainly because A. B. C. D. the United States felt obligated to honor its commitments to its allies United States interests were threatened the public had elected Presidents who supported expansion American manufacturers lobbied for sales to belligerents 3. _________ 7. _________ In World War II, the United States was allied with the Soviet Union, but that alliance became a rivalry shortly after the end of the war. Which statement most accurately explains this change? A. B. C. D. Alliances tend to last only as long as the nations involved see a mutual self-interest Historically, alliances made by countries with differing economic systems seldom last more than a few years The Soviet Union stood in the way of United States territorial expansion The United States refused Soviet requests for a long-term commitment to supply them with arms In the 1930s, the United States responded to the rise of totalitarian powers in Europe by A. B. C. D. rapidly expanding its military power joining other democracies in a system of collective security signing nonaggression pacts with the totalitarian nations adopting a series of neutrality laws 8. _________ Which situation best illustrates a policy of appeasement? 4. _________ The formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 is a significant event in United States diplomatic history because it A. B. C. D. committed the United States to a peacetime military alliance strengthened United States influence in oil-producing nations eased tensions with the Soviet Union and its satellites created new patterns of international trade A. B. C. D. The United States sent troops to defend South Korea from invasion The United States blockaded Cuba to force the Soviet Union to remove its missiles Parts of Czechoslovakia were given to Nazi Germany to avoid war The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor 1 WWII and Cold War Review – US History II 9. _________ 13. _________ The United States attempted to justify the forced relocation of Japanese Americans during World War II on the grounds that The cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during World War II supports the idea that A. B. C. D. the wartime need to assure national security was more important than the protection of individual rights most of the relocated people were not United States citizens and thus had few legal rights Japanese Americans refused to serve in the armed forces Japanese Americans should be treated in the same way as German Americans10. _________ A valid conclusion based on the experience of Japanese Americans during World War II is that in wartime A. B. C. D. first-generation immigrants become security risks constitutional liberties may be limited loyalty oaths are necessary to protect the national interests fear and uncertainty do not interfere with normal life A. B. C. D. alliances are built upon mutual self-interest communism and capitalism have much in common political leaders often disregard the wishes of their citizens imperialism is necessary in defense of liberty 14. _________ An important outcome of the Nuremberg Trials held at the end of World War II was that they A. B. C. D. showed that many accounts of Nazi atrocities were exaggerated spread the blame for World War II among many nations held that moral and ethical considerations do not apply in wartime established that individuals are responsible for their actions 11. _________ 15. _________ In the United States, the placement of Japanese Americans in relocation centers during the early 1940s was prompted mainly by In the period following World War II, the United States developed a policy of containment mainly in response to the A. B. C. D. a belief that foreigners should be returned to their native countries the impact of wartime fears on the attitudes of Americans the evidence that many Japanese Americans openly supported Japan the desire to protect United States culture from being influenced by a Far Eastern culture A. B. C. D. perceived threat of Soviet expansion building of the Berlin Wall partition of Palestine spread of nuclear weapons 16. _________ 12. _________ An economic impact of United States entry into World War II was that the United States A. B. C. D. became a debtor nation became nearly bankrupt accelerated its recovery from the Great Depression was forced to accept government ownership of most major industries Following the end of World War II, United States foreign policy changed significantly in that the United States A. B. C. D. assumed a more isolationist stance began to rely on appeasement to reduce world tensions perceived the containment of communist expansion as a major goal concentrated most heavily on events within the Western Hemisphere 2 WWII and Cold War Review – US History II 17. _________ 21. _________ Which was a major effect of the cold war on the United States in the 1950's? Following World War II, the Nuremburg Tribunal established the principle that A. B. C. D. Congress passed laws prohibiting United States contact with communist countries The United States refused to enter military alliances with other nations Participation, or even past participation, in extremist movements was viewed as un-American Americans were required to take loyalty oaths before registering to vote A. B. C. D. citizens charged with war crimes must be given a trial in their home country only a nation's leader can be charged with war crimes military leaders are more responsible for war crimes than civilian authorities are obedience to a nation's wartime policies does not excuse guilt for crimes against humanity 18. _________ 22. _________ "...the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace." This quotation expresses the basic idea of the A. B. C. D. Marshall Plan Eisenhower Doctrine Camp David Accords Yalta Agreements Which statement best describes the present position of the United States Government regarding the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II? A. B. C. D. The Government opposed internment during World War II and continues to support that position. Congress has apologized for the internment and has agreed to make financial reparations. The Government continues to insist that its actions of interning Japanese Americans require no apologies nor reparations. Although the Supreme Court recently reversed its support of the internment, the American public continues to support the wartime action. 19. _________ Which statement accurately describes conditions in the United States during both World War I and World War II? 23. _________ The United States became involved in the Korean and Vietnam conflicts mainly to A. B. C. D. Civilian lifestyles were unaffected by the war Women assumed new roles in the workforce Few Americans supported the war effort Congressional leaders controlled military policy A. B. C. D. reestablish the colonial interest of European allies in the Far East gain better access to resources and markets in Asia respond to direct military attacks on the United States attempt to control the spread of communism 20. _________ 24. _________ President Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb in World War II mainly to A. B. C. D. satisfy Allied demands for a quick end to the war in Europe gain valuable information for future peacetime use of atomic power increase the prestige of the United States bring an immediate end to the war During the period from 1935 to 1937, Congress passed neutrality legislation mainly as a result of A. B. C. D. the requirements of United States alliances with European countries urging by President Franklin D. Roosevelt lobbying efforts by war hawks strong public opinion favoring isolationism 3 WWII and Cold War Review – US History II 25. _________ Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow." After World War II, foreign policy of the United States was mainly guided by the idea that the United States should -- Winston Churchill A. B. C. D. avoid joining military alliances break all diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union arm itself to overthrow the Communist regime in the Soviet Union adopt a global policy of containment When did the situation described in the passage occur? A. B. C. D. toward the close of World War I during the Great Depression soon after World War II during the Vietnam War 26. _________ Immediately after World War II, a main cause of the development of the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union was A. B. C. D. the placing of missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union Soviet dominance over Eastern European nations United States military actions in the Baltic Sea Soviet desire to enter the war against Japan in 1945 30. _________ The general nature of United States foreign policy since 1945 can best be described as A. B. C. D. providing the leadership of the Western bloc of nations continuing a policy of expansionism to acquire new colonies remaining firmly committed to isolationism seeking peace at any price 27. _________ The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is based on the principle of A. B. C. D. collective security aggression self-determination nationalism 31. _________ "Iron Curtain Descends Across Europe" "Will Berlin Blockade Cause War?" "Why We Must Stop Stalin in Asia" The titles of these magazine articles were most probably written in the time period between 28. _________ An outcome of the Korean War was that A. B. C. D. Korea became a unified nation under one government Korea became a United Nations trusteeship South Korea remained non-Communist Korea was annexed by China A. B. C. D. the Spanish-American War and World War I World War I and World War II World War II and the end of the Korean War 1980 and today 32. _________ In the 1930s, a main reason for the failure of peace in Europe was that 29. _________ "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe... .All are subject, in one form or another, not only to A. B. C. D. Great Britain and France sought to revise the Treaty of Versailles the United Nations was not supported by its member nations the Soviet Union was spreading communism into Africa and Asia Germany was seeking to dominate the European continent 4