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The Basics of DNA DNA • Deoxyribose sugar • Phosphate bonds • Nitrogen bases: (A, T, C, and G) • A-T and G-C complementary pairing • Double stranded (helix) • Found only in nucleus Genetic Code • found in the order of the bases • every 3 bases has 64 possible combinations • 3 billion base pairs per cell RNA • ribose sugar • phosphate bonds • bases: A, U, C, and G • single strand • copy of one strand of DNA (except for U instead of T) Transcription • Process of copying RNA from DNA • Copy leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosome • Copy is called messenger RNA (mRNA) • mRNA now has the genetic code also • mRNA carries code in sets of three bases (codons) Translation • Transfer RNA (tRNA) found at the ribosome • tRNA has set of three bases (anticodon) that binds complimentary to the codons on the mRNA • each carries a specific amino acid • 20 different amino acids • sets specific amino acid down at specific spot to make a chain of amino acids (protein or polypeptide) Proteins • are made as the tRNA places the amino acids in a specific order • tRNA is reading the code on the mRNA to determine the amino acid and order • mRNA is a copy of DNA • DNA is ultimate code for the proteins that make us work. • Web 1 • Web 2 Other Web Resources • Making Connections • Genetic Diseases • DNA Basics Mutations What happens to the proteins, a thus your traits, when the DNA is changed (mutated)? 1. Complete web activity 2. Complete the DNA: Blueprint of Life activity Evaluation To see how well you get this material, answer the scenario A Hairy Situation. Turn in both the DNA: Blueprint of Life and your response to the scenario.