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Chapter 5-4 The Structure of Matter Organic and Biochemical Compounds What does Organic Mean? Organic – associated with living things Organic Food – grown using fertilizers that come from plants or animals In chemistry it describes certain compounds Organic Compounds Organic Compounds – covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides Ingredients in: Aspirin Sugarless gums Sweeteners Organic Compounds Hydrocarbon – molecule made of hydrogen and carbon only Methane – simplest hydrocarbon CH4 Polymers Polymers – large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers Monomer – small unit or simple molecule DNA, body cells, rubber, and wood Repeating Subunits Polymers - Organic molecules that bond to form long chains Plastic jugs “poly” – means many Man-made vs Natural Natural: Man-made: Wood, rubber, cotton, protien, DNA Plastic containers, car parts, carpet, rope Most are plastics or fibers Elasticity Determines Structure Polymer molecules are like spaghetti Can crush or dent materials because it is flexible Some are elastic, or stretchy, and some aren’t Biochemical Polymers Important to living thing Carbohydrates – energy Proteins – muscles, tendons, hair DNA – provides information to cells Carbohydrates Carbohydrate – organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Provides nutrients to cells of living things Proteins Proteins – organic compound that is made of 1 or more chains of amino acids Principal components of all cells Amino Acids Amino Acids – 20 different organic molecules that form proteins DNA DNA – a polymer with a complex structure Determines genetic makeup Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Double helix – double chains; like a twister ladder