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Amino Acids Amine group -NH2 Carboxylic group -COOH There are many different aminoacids, but those where –NH2 and –COOH are attached to the Ca atom (a aminoacids) are of special interest in biology. Amino Acids Ca N C In a protein there are some atoms that all aminoacids have in common i.e. the 4 backbone atom: N, Ca, C and O O Sidechain attached here at Ca Indicated with R An amino acids with 4 different atoms attached to the Ca atom is chiral. One aminoacid Gly has a sidechain which is a hydrogen ’H’ – therefore this amonoacid has 2 identical groups/atoms attached to the Ca atom and it is therefore not chiral. The 20 amino acids Thr (T) Phe (F) Val (V) Ala (A) His (H) Arg (R) Ser (S) Leu (L) Cys (C) Asp (D) Met (M) Lys (K) Asn (N) Ile (I) Trp (W) Glu (E) Gln (Q) Tyr (Y) Pro (P) Gly (G) Summary – protein II Basic amino acids Arg (R) His (H) Can be protonated H+ Lys (K) Acidic amino acids O -C-OH Asp (D) Glu (E) O -C-O- + H+ Amino acids with hydroxyl group In biology hydroxyl groups –OH are important as they can be modified by different molecules as phosphate (-PO4) or a long range of sugar (carbohydrate) molecules Ser (S) Thr (T) Tyr (Y) Aromatic amino acids Phe (F) His (H) Aromatic amino acids all have a flat planar group as part of the sidechain. Which of these are: Hydrophobic? Polar? Charged? Tyr (Y) Trp (W) Special amino acids Why are they special? Cys (C) Pro (P) Sidechain connected to backbone Cys-Cys Gly (G) Has two identical Atoms connected to Ca – therefore not Chiral Ca