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Transcription Translation Definition Starting Compounds Ending Compounds Enzyme Involved? Replication Transcription Translation Replication Definition To rewrite To express in another language mRNA To copy Ending mRNA Compounds Protein/polypeptide (sequence of amino acids) – aided by tRNA 2 new identical strands of DNA Enzyme Involved? None DNA polymerase Starting DNA Compounds RNA polymerase DNA Chromosomes, mRNA base code DNA code of Bases ATT GGG ATA AAA GTA GGG tRNA base code Amino acid attached to tRNA Chromosomes, mRNA base code DNA code of Bases ATT UAA GGG CCC ATA UAU AAA UUU GTA CAU GGG CCC tRNA base code Amino acid attached to tRNA Chromosomes, mRNA base code DNA code of Bases tRNA base code ATT UAA AUU GGG CCC GGG ATA UAU AUA AAA UUU AAA GTA CAU GUA TAG AUC UAC Amino acid attached to tRNA Chromosomes, mRNA base code DNA code of Bases tRNA base code Amino acid attached to tRNA ATT UAA AUU STOP GGG CCC GGG Proline ATA UAU AUA Tyrosine AAA UUU AAA Phenylalanine GTA CAU GUA Histidine TAG AUC UAC Isoleucine •Below are untwisted portions of DNA. What would these portions look like if they were replicated? Circle the complementary strands. • A-T T-A C-G C-G A-T C-G b. C-G G-C T-A A-T C-G C-G • Below are sequences of bases from one side of a DNA double helix. Transcribe these sequences and write the complimentary mRNA strand below the DNA sequence, then translate the sequences. Write the completed amino acid sequence below the mRNA. a. ATGGCTTAGGTA b. TCCACTAACGCT a. ATGGCTTAGGTA b. TCCAGTAACGCT UACCGAAUCCAU AGGUCAUUGCGA Tyr-Arg-Iso-Hist Arg-Ser-Leu-Arg Look at b. – what if it was mutated to become: TCCAGTATCGCT , what would be the polypeptide produced in this case? TCCAGTATCGCT AGGUCAUAGCGA Arg-Ser Using a. ATGGCTTAGGTA • Look at the strands below and write down if a. has been mutated by a point mutation or a frameshift mutation (if frameshift – what type of frameshift was it?) • 1. ATTGCTTAGGTA • 2. ATTGGCTTAGGTA • 3. ATGGCTTAGTA Using a. ATGGCTTAGGTA • Look at the strands below and write down if a. has been mutated by a point mutation or a frameshift mutation (if frameshift – what type of frameshift was it?) • 1. ATTGCTTAGGTA = point • 2. ATTGGCTTAGGTA = frameshift - insertion • 3. ATGGCTTAGTA = frameshift - deletion
