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DNA/RNA,
Transcription/Translation,
& Mitosis/Meiosis Review
What is(are) the function(s) of
nucleic acids?
A. Storage
B. Transmission
C. Expression
D. All of the above
What does DNA stand
for?
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA
stand for?
• Ribonucleic Acid
What are the 3 parts of a
nucleotide (nucleic acid)?
• Nitrogenous Base
• 5-Carbon Sugar
• Phosphate Group
What 2 Nitrogenous Bases are
classified as Purines?
• Adenine & Guanine
What 3 Nitrogenous Bases are classified as
Pyrimdines?
• Cytosine
• Uracil
• Thymine
Nitrogenous Bases
Purines
• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)
– pure As Gold
Pyrimdines
• Cytosine (C)
• Uracil (U)
• Thymine (T)
• C U T the py
Who created the model for the
Double Helix molecule of DNA?
A. Watson and Crick
B. Meischier and Mendel
C. Pastuer and Luewenhooke
D. Hooke and Watson
Nitrogenous base pairing
A ?
G ?
What type of bonds determine
base pairing in DNA?
A. Nitrogen bonds
B. Carbon bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. Oxygen bonds
How many Hydrogen Bonds are
there between A and T?
• 2 hydrogen bonds
How many Hydrogen Bonds are there
between G and C?
• 3 hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen Base Pairing in DNA
Hydrogen bonds determine nitrogen base pairing
• Adenine (A)  Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)  Guanine (G)
DNA
•
•
•
•
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
Bases: C,G A,T
Self replicate
vs.
•
•
•
•
•
RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
Bases: C,G,A,U
Can’t self replicate
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
What is the 1st step in DNA
Replication?
• DNA Strand unwinds or splits
Amino Acids are the building
blocks of
A. DNA
B. isotopes
C. proteins
D. viruses
When a nitrogen base becomes
bonded to a sugar that is bonded
to a phosphate, the resulting
molecule is called a
A. nucleotide
B. amino acid
C. bacteriophage
D. enzyme
Nucleotides
Chemical analysis has shown
that the number of adenine
molecules in a sample of DNA
is always the same as the
number of molecules of
A. thymine
B. guanine
C. cytosine
D. uracil
The Mechanisms by which DNA
strands pair is
A. entanglement via the helical structure
B. ionic bonding between phospate groups
C. interaction between the sugar-phosphate
backbones
D. hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases
Genetic information is passed
from parent to offspring in the
form of
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. proteins
D. amino acids
A codon is translated by a
cell. The information received
codes for a
A. protein
B. nucleic Acid
C. amino acid
D. gene
There are exceptions, but in general,
the basic flow of genetic information in
living organisms is from
A. Nucleotides and proteins
B. DNA to RNA to protein
C. RNA to DNA to amino acids
D. Protein to RNA to DNA
Watson and Crick described
the DNA molecules as a
A. Straight chain
B. Double-stranded molecule
C. Single-stranded molecule
D. Branching chain
Why does adenine pair only with
thymine and cytosine only with
guanine in a DNA molecule
A. Adenine and cytosine are acids, and guanine
and thymine are bases
B. Their molecular shape determines how they
are paired
C. They do not
D. Adenine sometimes pairs with uracil in DNA
Which molecule acts as a
proofreader during DNA
replication?
A. DNA ligase
B. histones
C. Nucleosomes
D. DNA polymerase
Genes act by directing the
synthesis of
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Sugar
“Working Tapes” of instructions
that are carried to the ribosomes
are
A. Protein molecules
B. tRNA molecules
C. mRNA molecules
D. DNA molecules
DNA controls protein
synthesis by
A. Encoding amino-acid sequence
B. activating enzymes
C. organizing molecules
D. directly copying proteins
Which of the following in not
a representative of known
types of RNA molecules?
A. messenger RNA (mRNA)
B. previous RNA (pRNA)
C. transfer RNA (tRNA)
D. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
The sequence of nucleotides in
a messenger RNA molecule
(mRNA) is determined by the
sequence
A. transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule
B. protein molecule
C. polysaccharide molecule
D. DNA molecule
In a cell, the transfer of
genetic information from
DNA to RNA occurs in the
A. cell membrane
B. nucleus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleolus
DNA in the nucleus controls the
activities in the rest of the cell
by serving as a blueprint for
A. lipids
B. sugars
C. enzymes
D. RNA
Proteins are an excellent mechanism by
which genetic information is expressed
because unlike sugars, lipids, and
nucleotides, proteins
A. can be metabolized to make energy that will be
used throughout the body.
B. can be structural or catalytic molecules or may be
involved in cell-cell communication
C. are easily transported in the body
D. can replicated themselves
Gene expression begins with
A. RNA synthesis
B. metabolism of sugars
C. ribosomes
D. rearrangement of bases
During protein synthesis, the
substance that attaches to a
particular amino-acid molecule
and positions it on a ribosome is
A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. DNA
D. ADP
Where does translation take
place?
A. ribosomes
B. mitochondria
C. nuclei
D. nucleoli
Every one of the cells in the
body contain exactly the same
A. cytoplasm
B. ribosomes
C. mutations
D. instructions
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
The two chromosomes that
decide you sex or gender are
the X or the
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. X’
Why do cells need to divide?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Needed for development
Needed for growth
Need to replace dead dying cells
All of the above
Mitosis is cell division.
1. True
2. False
What is mitosis?
1. Process by which cells make a duplicate
set of chromosomes
2. Cell division
3. The # of chromosomes is reduced by half
4. When water moves in and out of cells
What are the phases of mitosis?
1. Prophase, Metapahse, Prophase II, Anaphase II
2. Telophase, Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase II
3. Interphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase,
Anaphase
4. Prophase, Telophase II, Prometaphase, Anaphase
Phases of Mitosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Interphase
Propahse
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
Interphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
Metaphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
Telophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
Prophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
Anaphase
How long does mitosis take?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1 – 2 days
30 min.
50 – 90 min
1 week
Prior to meiosis the chromosome
count is __ and after meiosis the
chromosome count is ___.
1.
2.
3.
4.
46, 35
46, 23
56, 10
23, 46
When we lined up chromosomes
according to their size and shape
it is called_________?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Karyotype
Sequencing
Ordering
Fission
What stage in meiosis does
crossing over (synapse) occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Anaphase II
Telophase I
Prophase I
Metaphase II
Prophase I:
• Prophase I: Homologues condense and synapse
(overlap), exchanging DNA by 'crossing over’ :
sections of chromosomes from homologues are
swapped. The result: chromosomes after meiosis
are genetically unique and have combinations of
DNA derived from both parents.
Picture of Meiosis
Picture of Meiosis
The end product of meiosis is 4
identical daughter cells.
• True
• False