Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Daily Warm up Aug 29, 2012 TRUE OR FALSE: 1.According to German researchers, the risk of heart attack is higher on Monday than any other day of the week 2.An average human drinks about 16, 000 gallons of water in a lifetime. 3.By the time you turn 70 most people will have lost most of their taste buds. 4.What is an atom? 5.Name the components of an atom. 1. 2. 3. True True False by the age of 55. Chemical Basis for Life Chapter 2 Why do we need Chemistry in A and P? • Your human body is a highly organized and ever changing collection of chemicals. • There is also a very specific amount of each of these chemicals in your body. What do you think might happen if any of these chemicals are out of balance? Any change in any of the chemicals in your body can have drastic affects on your health and could even cause death. For example: if you have too little iron in your body this can lead to a disease known as anemia. On the flip side, if you have too much iron you have hemochromatosiswhich can eventually destroy your heart pancreas and liver. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element that still have all the properties of an element. States of Matter ◦Solid ◦Liquid ◦Gas All matter is composed of substances called ELEMENTS. Elements are what you find on the periodic table. Can anyone name any Elements? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. You will silently walk around the room while the music is playing. When the music stops and I say pair, pair up with the closet person next to you. NO DRIVE BY’s! Give your new partner a High Five! Those who do not have a partner raise your hand. Partner groups - Help those who have not found a partner. Each person takes 3-5 secs to think of a list of elements. The person with the birthday closest to today will go first. Share with your partner, each taking a turn as you say an answer. When completed, shake their hand and Thank your partner for their knowledge. All matter is composed of substances called ELEMENTS. Elements are what you find on the periodic table. Can anyone name any Elements? Your goal is to name at least 10 elements (5 per person). What do you think are some of the major elements found in the human body? Living organisms require about 20 elements (There are 92 elements in nature and 19 made) Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen make up more than 95% of the human body. The other elements include: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium and many other trace elements (meaning they have a very small amount: iron, zinc, copper, etc) Smallest Made amount of an element up of 3 subatomic particles ◦ Neutrons (o) = neutral/no charge ◦ Protons (+) = positive charge ◦ Electrons (-) = negative charge Daily Warm up Aug 30 2012 True or False: 1. Your stomach needs to produce a new layer of mucus every two weeks or it would digest itself\ It takes the interaction of 72 different muscles to produce human speech 2. Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing. 3. Define the following and give me an example: 4. ◦ 5. Covalent bond, Hydrogen bond, Ionic bonds In a chemical reaction what is the role of a catalyst? All statements are true Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in motion in the space around the nucleus. # E- = # P+ Why is this important and what does it have to do with anatomy? The positive charge from the Proton and the Negative charge from the electron balance out the charge of the atom. These charges are what eventually aid in forming combinations of atoms- or chemical compounds …for example: water is made from Hydrogen and Oxygen. At your table discuss what you think would happen to the charge of the atom if it were to loose an electron. Proton (+) = the guy Electron (-) = the girl Neutron (o) = the wing man The electron is attracted to it’s opposite charge (the proton +) so it remains in orbit around the nucleus, but it plays “hard to get” by maintaining a velocity that is fast enough that it’s never pulled into the nucleus. The neutron is there to support the nucleus but it never gets involved. Complete Q1-7 on your chemical basis of life review packet. On a separate piece of paper complete the following questions: ◦ Name three things you learned today. ◦ What is the difference between an element and an atom? ◦ What didn’t you understand from today’s lesson? I will collect the papers. Chemical compounds are formed by chemical bonds. Atoms either lose electrons, gain electrons or share their electrons in order to form a bond with other atoms in your body. Atoms that lose or gain and electron are called ions (it is now chemically charged…the charges don’t balance) Example: Na+Cl*Na loses an electron *Cl gains an electron (they exchange electrons) The opposite charges attract and form a bond called an ionic bond ASK YOUR NEIGHBOR - Why do you think Na has a tendency to lose an e- where Cl have a tendency to gain an e-? Covalent bonds form when atoms share their electrons instead of exchanging them. Example: Carbon molecule: •H and O form a covalent bond that creates the molecule water. •This molecule has + and – poles! •These charges cause the water molecules to bind loosely to each other. This loose binding is known as a Hydrogen bond ( Hydrogen bond because Hydrogen is involved) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Stand up and find your shoulder partner. If you do not have a close shoulder partner, partner up with someone who does not have a partner. Without your notes, define what a covalent bond and an ionic bond is. You have 3-5secs to think about it. You will have 15 secs to share your answer. The person who has a mummy stamp on their paper will go first and share their answer. The person with the ghost stamp on their paper will shake their hand and thank them for sharing. Switch roles and repeat steps 2-4. • Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds. • What do you think that means? • They can break apart easily. • How would this be helpful in the body? • Many systems require water so the molecules need to be able to break apart easily for easy transport. Cross out C and write this. Chemical Reaction – a process that changes one set of chemicals into another. ◦ Involves the breaking and forming of new bonds. Quantity remains the same. • • • 1+1=2 1+1 2 If this represented a chemical reaction, then 1=reactants and 2 = product The reactants “react” to form the product. Synthesis/Anabolic Reaction: when two or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure. Example: fixing worn or damaged tissues requires a build up of smaller molecules coming together to make a larger molecule. A+B AB Decomposition/catabolic reaction: When a bond holding atoms together breaks and produces a simpler molecule. Example: Is needed for foods to be digested and energy to be released for your body to use. AB A+B 1. 2. 3. 4. Stand up and find your shoulder partner. If you do not have a close shoulder partner, partner up with someone who does not have a partner. Without your notes, distinguish between an anabolic reaction and a catabolic reaction. You have 3-5secs to think up a list of describing words for you answer. You will have 15 secs to share your answers. The person who has a ghost stamp on their paper will go first and share their answer, then each will take turns sharing their answers. When complete, shake hands and thank your partner for their intelligence. All reactions need energy to occur. Activation Energy – refers to the energy needed to get the reaction started For example, you must apply force when striking a match to get the fire to start. Rollercoaster example • • Notice the different energy levels between the reactants and products. Example: photosynthesis – reactants of water and CO2 and energy from the sun (activation energy) creates products of Glucose and O2. • • Notice the different energy levels between the reactants and products. Example: combustion reactions of fuels. • 1 ask 2 “do you think Exothermic reactions are anabolic or catabolic and why?” Catalysts Catalyst - a substance that lowers a reactions activation energy ◦ In other words, speeds up the reaction. Enzymes Biological Catalysts are called Enzymes. They speed up chemical reactions in the cells. However they are not essential, for the reactions can occur on their own Enzymes •The names of enzymes typically end in “-ase” •For example: protease splits proteins into its monomers - amino acids. •What do you think carbohydrase does? •Splits carbohydrates (polysaccarides) into its monomers - monosaccarides. •Also used for: protein synthesis, synthesis of RNA and DNA, etc. 1.There are 10 human body parts that are only 3 letters long – can you name them all? True or False? 2. Antibiotics are only effective against virus, they won't help in fighting off a bacteria. 3. The average life of a taste bud is 10 days. 4. Why do we need to understand the charges of atoms in Anatomy? 5. How can you tell if an atom is balanced? Or if it has a positive charge or a negative charge? 6. Name one type of chemical bond and tell me how it bonds. eye hip arm leg ear toe jaw rib lip gum 2. false – fight off bacteria and not viruses 3. True Inorganic and Organic Compounds • The atoms and molecules that form compounds can either be inorganic or organic. • What is the difference? • Inorganic are substances that can dissolve in water or react with water to release electrolytes. • Why might these be necessary for your body? • Organic are substances that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and do not dissolve in water. • Why might these be important? The main compounds are those that react with water and can release electrolytes. Examples: Na+, K+, Cl- (any minerals) Functions: They aid in muscle and neuron functions, acid breakdown and hydration. More specific Functions: Potassium works with Sodium and Chloride to maintain pH levels and fluid distribution. Calcium is required for the maintenance and growth of bones and teeth Sodium also helps to control muscle and nerve functions Magnesium helps the body absorb the Calcium it needs and helps protect the lining of your heart! Inorganic compounds can not be made by the body- they come from the earth and must be “taken in”…or eaten What foods do you think may be inorganic compounds or minerals your body needs? Vegetables or any plant, milk, some fish or seafood What can happen if you do not have enough minerals or inorganic compounds in your system? Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headaches and abdominal pains can occur from either too much mineral content or not enough. Organic Compounds found in the body •• Carbohydrates •• Lipids •• Nucleic Acids •• Proteins What are these? Daily Warm Up TRUE OR FALSE: 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. Infants blink only once or twice a minute while adults average around 10. As well as having unique fingerprints, humans also have unique tongue prints. What is an endothermic reaction? Write an example equation for this type of reaction. What are the four main organic compounds found in the body? How does an inorganic compound help your body? Both are true Carbohydrates What do you think the importance of Carbohydrates are? 1.Provide energy that your cells and body need. 2. Help build cell structures. Carbohydrates Examples: 1. Sugars- Monosaccharides such as Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose 2.Disaccharides- Which contains two monosaccharides. Such as: sucrose 3. Polysaccharides- many monosaccharides combined together like a chain. Such as: Starch, glycogen LIPIDS Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids = Lipid 1 Glycerol 3 Fatty Acid Chains Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen LIPIDS FUNCTION Lipids functions are: 1.Help in long term energy storage 2.Protection and Insulation 3.Membrane structure 4.Acting as a chemical messenger LIPIDS FORM Lipids can be: 1.Fats 2.Steroids 3.Phospholipids How do you think the form relates to the function? Which type of lipid is responsible for what function? Proteins Proteins Functions are: 1.Help in structure of bones and muscle 2.Regulate cell processes and chemical reactions 3.Help transport substances in and out of the cell. 4.Help fight against foreign substances Protein Forms include: 1.Enzymes 2.Hormones 3.Structural proteins 4.Antibodies Proteins Which forms go with which functions? Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid Functions: 1.Form genes- store genetic info and transmit genetic information 2.Help aid in protein synthesis. Nucleic Acid Forms: 1.DNA 2.RNA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. You will silently walk around the room while the music is playing. When the music stops and I say pair, pair up with the closet person next to you. NO DRIVE BY’s! Give your new partner a High Five! Those who do not have a partner raise your hand. Partner groups - Help those who have not found a partner. Each person takes 3-5 secs to think of the four essential organic compounds found in living things? AND What is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds in the body? The person whose first name begins with a letter closest to Z will go first. Share with your partner the four essential organic compounds found in living things, taking 10 secs to answer. Your partner will share the difference between inorganic and organic compounds in the body. When completed, shake their hand and Thank your partner for their knowledge. What are the four essential organic compounds found in living things? What is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds in the body? Compound inorganic Example organic Stop Point: Organic Compounds Foldable 1. What is the structure? (example: carbon, etc) 2. What is the smallest unit? (example: monosaccharide) 3. Give an example (ie; sugars, fats, etc) 4. What is it’s function? 5. The actual structural picture (should help you with number 1). 1 3 2 4 7 5 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. carbohydrate protein/lipids/minerals minerals lipids/protein minerals/ carbs minerals minerals Characteristics of Living Things Group activity At your tables brainstorm a list of things that organisms (living things) must do to be considered living. (5 minutes) Volunteer a spokes person to come write what you came up with on the board. Brainstorming 1.Growth: change in size 2.Respiration: Obtaining oxygen, releasing energy from food and storing it in ATP, removing carbon dioxide 3.Digestion: breakdown of food into nutrients 4.Absorption: movement of substances through membranes into body fluids 5.Movement: change in body position or of body part, internal movement 6. Responsiveness: Reaction to change inside or outside body 7. Reproduction: production of new organisms (not required for individual survival) and cells 8. Circulation: movement of substances in body fluids 9. Excretion: removal of waste products 10. Maintaining homeostasis: regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition Brainstorm in your groups what you think your body needs to live. Hint: without it you will die- only those that are necessary- not that would be helpful. Water: provides environment for chemical reactions, transports substances, maintains body temp. (carries heat) Pressure atmospheric pressure forces air into lungs, hydrostatic pressure moves blood Food provides body with nutrients Heat higher the heat the faster chemical reactions occur in body Oxygen helps release energy from glucose (energy is then stored in ATP) Sleep - No one knows for sure why we sleep, but without, it is harmful, causing depression and mental disturbances.