Download Cellular Respiration - Ms. Poole`s Biology

coordinate plane- (‘co ‘or di nate plane)-the plane consisting of the “x” axis and the
“y”axis
You could graph your age in years (x) and your height in inches (y) in a coordinate
plane to get a visual picture of how your height has changed over the years.
WHERE DOES THE MAJORITY OF THE
MASS GO FROM THE FOOD YOU EAT?
THE MAJORITY OF THE MASS FROM FOOD
YOU EAT GETS EXHALED AS CARBON
DIOXIDE!!
DON’T BELIEVE ME?
ENERGY
All organisms need energy in order to carry out their
every day functions.
Such as breathing, walking, running, eating, thinking,
growing, etc.
However, this energy has to come from somewhere.
Organisms are specialized to make this energy!
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Every organism
needs ATP!
Adenosine TriPhosphate
2009-2010
ATP = ADENOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE
When energy is needed, the bond
between the last two phosphates
breaks, releasing a burst of energy
Adenosin
e
P
P
P
ENERGY
PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS
Producers: can make their own
food/energy
Consumers: must eat other organisms
in order to make energy
REACTIONS / CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 Reactants = Materials in = Written on the left of the arrow
 Products = Materials out = Written on the right of the arrow
 Reactants  Products
A + B  C + D
Reactants
Products
2 CELLULAR PROCESSES MAKE ATP
Cellular Respiration
Done by all living animals
Happens in the Mitochondria
Makes ATP from breaking down food
Photosynthesis
Done by plants
Happens in the Chloroplast
Makes ATP from sunlight
Some ATP is used for food for the plant
ENERGY REACTIONS
 Cellular Respiration
 C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
 Photosynthesis
 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Which are the reactants and which are the products?
Photosynthesis
Cellular
respiration
Occurs in
plants; in
chloroplasts
Occurs in all
eukaryotic cells;
in mitochondria
Reactants: 6
H20, 6 CO2,
sunlight
Reactants: 1
glucose
C6H12O6; 6 O2
Products: 1
glucose
C6H12O6; 6 O2
Products: 6
H2O, 6 CO2, 38
ATP
Location of Reactions
Cellular Respiration:
Photosynthesis:
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Purpose: to break down glucose
Remember: glucose is a carbohydrate
Carbohydrates provide quick energy
Can be done with or without oxygen
With Oxygen: Aerobic Respiration
Without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose
Energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glucose is turned into energy during cellular
respiration. Where does this glucose come from??
From the food that we eat!
The food is broken down in the stomach then glucose is absorbed in
the blood It travels to the mitochondria for CR.
Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
1. Glycolysis
 Happens in the cytoplasm
 Glucose is split in half
 Makes 2 ATP
2. Kreb’s Cycle
 Happens in Mitochondria
 Breaks down Glucose further
 Makes 2 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain
 Happens in Mitochondria
 Uses O2 Gas
 Makes 32 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS: GLUCOSEPYRUVATE
Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon
glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon
molecules called pyruvate
Gives off 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose
molecule broken down
Gives off 2 NADH per glucose molecule
KREB’S CYCLE: PYRUVATECO2 + H20
Completes the breakdown of glucose
Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it
down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in
CO2 and H2O
Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and
loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH
and FADH2 (these become important in next
step)
Production of only 2 more ATP but produced lots
of H+ and electrons
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
NADH and FADH2 pass the electrons down the
‘staircase
They provide the energy needed to convert
oxygen into water
The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which takes
on H+ protons to make water molecules
This step creates a total of 32 ATP
WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?
WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?
Without oxygen!
When would be a time
your body wouldn’t have
enough oxygen?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
With
O2
present
With
O2
absent
• Aerobic (with oxygen)
• Cellular Respiration
• Result: 36 ATP, 6 water, 6
oxygen molecules
• All eukaryotic life does
this
• Anaerobic (without oxygen)
• Fermentation
• Result: 2 ATP, bigger
molecules (varies with type)
• All prokaryotes do this and
some eukaryotes do when
stressed
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: FERMENTATION
 2 Types of Fermentation
Lactic Acid
fermentation
Higher animals
do this in
muscles
Result: 2 ATPs
and lactic acid
(may cause
muscle cramps)
Alcoholic
fermentation
Yeast cells and
bacteria do this
Result: 2 ATP, ethyl
alcohol, carbon
dioxide (used in
bread and
beer/wine making)
EXIT TICKET
What is the difference between cellular
respiration with oxygen and without oxygen?
Discuss what each are named and how many
ATPs are produced through each process.
Based on that answer, why is it necessary
that we have oxygen available to survive?
ENERGY TALLY
36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
Glycolysis
2 ATP
Kreb’s
2 ATP
Electron Transport
32 ATP
Total: 36 ATP
BACK TO THE EQUATION….
 C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP
 C6H12O6 (food we eat)+ 6 O2 (air we breathe) 6 H2O
(liquid waste) + 6 CO2 (what we exhale) + 38 ATP (no
mass)