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Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis ◊ Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 >> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP ◊ Photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O >> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Cellular Respiration ◊ Break down of C6H12O6 (glucose) with oxygen (aerobic) in order to produce energy. ◊ This process occurs in two parts. ◊ 1. glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid・ ◊ 2. the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water ◊ In eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. The remaining processes take place in mitochondria. Mitochondria ◊ Produces energy for the cell ◊ an outer membrane that encloses the entire structure・ ◊ an inner membrane that encloses a fluid-filled matrix Glycolysis ◊ This is the beginning of cellular respiration it occurs without oxygen (anaerobic). ◊ C6H12O6 (glucose) is broken down into pyruvic acid. ◊ During this process H+ions are given off and picked up by hydrogen acceptors, and 4 molecules of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) are made. ◊ http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/B iology/Bio231/glycolysis.html ATP to ADP ◊ ATP is biological stored energy. ◊ ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) contains a high energy bond between the last two phosphates ◊ When the bonds break to form ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) this produces energy ◊ ATP is made from ADP +P ◊ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bookres.f cgi/mcb/ch2anim1.mov Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle ◊ In a series of chemical reactions pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2, ATP. ◊ During this process many H+ions are picked up by hydrogen acceptors. ◊ http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0 470003790/animations/tca/tca.htm Electron Transport Chain ◊ This is where H2O (water) is made from the H+and oxygen are used to make water. The H electrons are used to make ATP. ◊ http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/ani m/ETS.html ◊ 36-38 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose. ◊ http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0 470003790/animations/electron_transport/ele ctron_transport.htm Lactic Acid Fermentation ◊ The break down of C6H12O6 (glucose) without oxygen (anaerobic) ◊ Because there is no oxygen water can not be made so instead lactic acid is made. ◊ This is done when people are in oxygen debt during strenuous activity. Alcoholic Fermentation ◊ When C6H12O6 (glucose) is broken down without oxygen and ethyl alcohol is given off. ◊ Done by bacteria and yeast.