Download PPT_genomics

CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
7:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
6:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
5:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
4:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
3:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
2:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
CATALYST
TIME REMAINING:
1:00 MINUTES
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
Answer the following questions:
CATALYST
2. Mutations in cells could lead to
•
•
improper cell function
•
genetic disease
•
cancer
•
all the above
During transcription, an extra cytosine
was placed in a gene region, throwing
Time Remaining
off the correct amino acid sequence.
2:00 Minutes
What type of mutation occurred?
Answer the following questions:
CATALYST
2. Mutations in cells could lead to
•
•
improper cell function
•
genetic disease
•
cancer
•
all the above
During transcription, an extra cytosine
was placed in a gene region, throwing
Time Remaining
off the correct amino acid sequence.
1:00 Minutes
What type of mutation occurred?
CATALYST
The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently.
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1.
Are mutations beneficial or harmful to
humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit
into our discussion on mutations?
Answer the following questions:
CATALYST
2. Mutations in cells could lead to
•
•
improper cell function
•
genetic disease
•
cancer
•
all the above
During transcription, an extra cytosine
was placed in a gene region, throwing
off the correct amino acid sequence.
What type of mutation occurred?
Central Dogma Recap
DNA
proteins
mRNA
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
transcription
translation
Central Dogma Recap
Transcribe DNA to mRNA, then translate the
mRNA strand to an amino acid sequence
• ATCGAA
• UAGCUU
• GGCATA
• CCGUAU
• CTAGCA
• GAUCGU
• TTCAGG
• AAGUCC
• AGTCAT
• UCAGUA
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Codon charts show amino acids produced from mRNA
Mutations Recap
•
GENE MUTATIONS
•
•
Point Mutation/Substitution Mutation
•
•
•
Silent Mutation
Missense Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
•
•
Addition
Deletion
Mutations Recap
•
GENE MUTATIONS
•
Point Mutation/Substitution Mutation
•
•
•
•
Silent Mutation: amino acid stays the same
Missense Mutation: amino acid changes to a
different amino acid
Nonsense Mutation: amino acid changes to a
STOP codon
Frameshift Mutation
•
•
Addition: nucleotide added
Deletion: nucleotide deleted
MIND CONTROL?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
21st Century
Medicine
•
•
•
•
Genetic Engineering
Stem Cells
Gene Therapy
Neuroscience
•
•
Neurolaw
Electronics (prosthetics and
consumer products)
Genomics and
Biotechnology
Impact of genomics on
individuals and societies
How does genetics affect our
lives?
Genetics can tell us….
If we will get a disease
Who committed a crime
Who fathered a baby
Ethics
If you had a genetic
disease, would you want
to know?
Human Genome
Project
Human Genome
Project
Gene: sequence of DNA that
codes for a protein
Humans have
about 25,000
genes
Genes are on chromosomes.
Human Genome
Project
Genome: an organisms ENTIRE
sequence of base pairs (A, T, C
& Gs)
Humans have 3 BILLION base
pairs in their genome
Genes code for diseases….
If we could read people’s
genes, we could predict if they
would get a disease…
BUT we have to know what
normal genes look like
The answer?
Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project
identified all the genes in
human DNA
Human genome project helps us:
•know if somebody has a
genetic disease
•treat genetic diseases by
inserting genes into a person’s
genome (called gene therapy)
Can you think of any problems
with the human genome
project?
Electrophoresis
Genes can tell us who
committed a crime
REMEMBER: everybody
has their own DNA
sequence
Electrophoresis
•Electrophoresis is used to tell who
committed a crime or fathered a baby
(paternity)
•Restriction enzymes: molecular
scissors that cut DNA ONLY at certain
places.
Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis:
Step 1) cut DNA with restriction
enzymes.
Step 2) separate DNA using
electricity (smallest pieces move
furthest)
Electrophoresis
The DNA of the
crime scene
matches the DNA
of the criminal
To solve gel electrophoresis
problems:
1)Find the DNA sample to match
• Draw lines across for all of the
bands
• Find the other DNA sample
that matches the first sample
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering: adding genes
from another organism
Plants or animals that have genes
from two different organisms
(because of genetic engineering) are
called transgenic.
+
Bacteria can be
engineered to produce
insulin (protein needed
to treat diabetes)
Plants can be engineered to be
resistant to diseases and pests
• Cloning = make exact copies of
organisms
• Scientists have cloned a sheep
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
•
Exit Ticket
What is a genome?
A list of chromosome mutations
B entire DNA sequence of an organism
C strand of DNA
D list of synthesized proteins
•
•
•
•
What is genetic engineering?
What is the Human Genome Project?
What is Gel Electrophoresis?
Which pieces move the furthest in gel
electrophoresis? The smallest or largest?