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Chapter 1A • It’s ALIVE or is it 10/11/11 Section 1 • Characteristics of living things: • There are 6 that all organisms share 10/11/11 • Living things have cells • Living things sense and respond to change • Living things reproduce • Living things have DNA • Living things use energy • Living things grow and develop Living things have cells….. • • • All living things are made of cells Cell – a membrane bound structure that contains all the necessary things for life Some organisms are made of only one cell – UNICELLULAR Some organisms are made of more than one 10/11/11 cell - MULTICELLULAR • Unicellular….. Amoeba Euglena Paramecium 10/11/11 Multicellular….. 10/11/11 Living things sense and respond to change… • Organisms respond to a STIMULUS – STIMULUS …….anything that causes a change in the organisms activities 10/11/11 Why????? • To maintain HOMEOSTASIS – Maintaining a stable internal environment • 10/11/11 Keeping your body temp. @ 98.6 Living Things Reproduce….. • 2 Types of Reproduction: – Asexual – Sexual 10/11/11 Asexual Reproduction • Only involves one parent • Offspring look identical to parent • Examples: - Starfish – Strawberry – Bacteria – Amoeba 10/11/11 Sexual Reproduction • Involves 2 parents • Offspring look similar to both parents • Examples: 10/11/11 • Human • Fish • Dogs • Cats Living Things Have DNA….. • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid • - used by cells to make protein • - passed on to new cells during reproduction 10/11/11 Living Things Use Energy….. • • Organisms need energy to carry out these processes The rate at which your body uses energy is your METABOLISM 10/11/11 Living Things Grow and Develop….. • All organisms grow and go through changes during periods of their lives 10/11/11 Section 2 • The simple bare necessities of life: » Food » Water » Air » Space 10/11/11 Food • All organisms need food…..WHY ? • Producers – makes food • 10/11/11 Example – plant • Consumers – eat food • 10/11/11 Example - cow • Decomposer – breaks down dead organisms for their food • 10/11/11 Example: termites Water • Most cells are made of water…how much? – About 70% – Why so much ? » 10/11/11 To help run all the processes necessary to keep the cell alive Air • Mixture of several gases • Two of the most commonly used gases: 10/11/11 • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide Space • An organism will try to keep it’s niche the same – – Niche…..the environment where the organism lives with the effect of all living and non-living factors in that environment Some organisms need more area than others 10/11/11 Section 3 • The Chemistry of life: – Everything is made of atoms – Approx. 100 kinds of atoms – Atoms are the smallest particles to make up things 10/11/11 Atoms make up….. • Molecules – 2 or more atoms joined together • 10/11/11 Found in living things are made up of different combinations of 6 elements: • C – Carbon • H – Hydrogen • O – Oxygen • N – Nitrogen • P – Phosphorus • S – Sulfur Atoms also make up….. • 10/11/11 Elements – made of all one atoms Proteins….. • Second most abundant in cells • Made of Amino Acids • We eat foods high in protein, our body breaks the protein into amino acids, then they are reassembled inside the cells of our body 10/11/11 Proteins….. 10/11/11 Proteins….. • Found in what foods ? 10/11/11 Carbohydrates….. • Made of sugars • Used as an energy source • 2 types of Carbohydrates • 10/11/11 • Simple Complex Carbohydrates….. • Simple – made of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together 10/11/11 Carbohydrates….. • Complex – made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together 10/11/11 Lipids….. • Compounds that can not mix with water • Some store energy • Some form the membrane of cells 10/11/11 Lipids….. • Fats and Oils – Store energy • 10/11/11 - get burned after carbohydrates Lipids….. • Phospholipids – form the cell membrane • - heads like water • - tails do not like water 10/11/11 Nucleic Acids….. • Made up of Nucleotides • A Nucleotide is made of 10/11/11 » Sugar » Phosphate » Base Nucleotides….. • DNA is made of Nucleotides 10/11/11 The Cell’s Fuels….. • ATP – Adenosinetriphosphate is the major fuel used by cells. 10/11/11