Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Biology Final Review Part A Which part of the scientific method? • “If the height of the Fast Plant is related to the amount of fertilizer, then the more fertilizer, the taller the plant will grow.” • A. observation • B. inference • C. hypothesis • D. conclusion • ANSWER: hypothesis What inference can be made? • • • • A. Temperature is unrelated to number of organisms B. As the temperature increases, so does the number of organisms C. As the temperature increases, the number of organisms decreases ANSWER: B What is the sugar pill group’s purpose? • Group A is given a pill to test • Group B is given a sugar pill • A. experimental group • B. control group • C. taste test • D. limiting factor • ANSWER: B Handout • Bacteria Identification: Bacteria Shapes Let’s say you go to the doctor to see if you have Strep Throat. How do they determine that? NOTE SHAPES AND CLUSTERS How to Identify bacteria • Endospore Forming Note capsule and flagella Glucose Fermentation • None Fermentation Ferm. + gas • Differential Media - Detection of Acid from Glucose, Page 2 (more test results) Bacterial Identification - The API20E System (Link) Note shapes, clusters, color • Stapylococcus Gram positive • Staphylobacillus Gram negative What is the measurement? • • • • • • A. 8 mL B. 7 mL C. 6 mL meniscus D. 6.3 mL E. 6.6 mL ANSWER: E Using a compound light microscope, which is 40 X, which is 400X? • A • ANSWER: • 400X B 40X Where are these parts? • • • • • • • • • Revolving nose piece Coarse adjustment Fine Adjustment Stage Base Arm Diaphragm Condenser Objectives To first find an object use on a microscope: A C B D What structure is used to fine focus an object? A C B D When should you wear goggles? • A. Only if you do not have corrective lenses. • B. all times when instructed by the instructor • C. to improve your vision • D. avoid eye strain • ANSWER: B Who should clean up the lab table and put away the supplies? • A. Teacher • B. Students entering the lab. • C. Students leaving the lab. • D. Custodian • ANSWER: Students leaving the lab Process of substances moving from a region of HIGH to LOW concentrations is called: • • • • A. phagocytosis B. osmosis C. active transport D. diffusion • ANSWER: diffusion osmosis is hi to low of water through a selectively perm. memb What is the basic structural and functional unit of living things? • A. atom • B. molecule • C. cell • D. organism • ANSWER: cell What movement goes through a membrane low to high concentration and requires energy? • • • • A. Passive Transport B. Active Transport C. Facilitate Transport D. Endocytosis • ANSWER: B If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be: • • • • A. eukaryotic B. prokaryotic C. an animal D. a plant • ANSWER: A How long is each cell? • • • • A. 2 mm B. 1 mm C. 0.5 mm D. 0.25 mm • ANSWER: C • Field diam. Divided by how many cells fit across How long is each cell? 0.5 mm = ? • • • • A. 5000 µm B. 500 µm C. 50 µm D. 5 µm • ANSWER: B • Multiply mm by 1000 for µm • POLYMER • MONOMER • Carbohydrates (1:2 C:H) • Monosaccharide – starch in plants – Glycogen in animals • Lipids • 3 Fatty acids and glycerol • Protein • Amino acids (NH2) • Nucleic Acids • Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) What are two necessary elements for organic compounds? • A. carbon and nitrogen • B. carbon and oxygen • C. carbon and hydrogen ANSWER: C and H Which are characteristics of plant cells? • • • • • • A. Have chloroplasts B. Undergo cellular respiration C. Go through mitosis and meiosis D. Have centrioles E. Have cell walls F. photosynthesize ANSWER: All except D Which are characteristics of animal cells? • • • • • • A. Have chloroplasts B. Undergo cellular respiration C. Go through mitosis and meiosis D. Have centrioles E. Have cell walls F. photosynthesize ANSWER: B,C, D Osmosis in Plant Cells • Water moves from hypo to hypertonic High salt on outside equal in and out Low salt on outside If a plant wilts, which organelle will most be affected? • A. nucleus • B. large central vacuole • C. lysosomes • D. chloroplasts • ANSWER: B What was done to slide B of human cheek cells? •A • B • Not stained stained If a cell was placed in distilled water for 15 minutes, what would happen? • • • • A. Cell would swell and burst B. Cell would shrink C. Cell would not change HINT: water moves from hypo to hypertonic • ANSWER: A Identify the site of: • A. where proteins are repackaged • B. cellular respiration • C. protein synthesis Identify the site of: • A. where proteins are repackaged -Golgi • B. cellular respiration - mitochondrion • C. protein synthesis ribosome Where is the site of: • A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only • B. Rough ER 11 Where is the site of: • A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only (11) • B. Rough ER (6) 11 In eukaryotic cells, asexual cell division is called: • • • • A. mitosis B. meiosis C. centrosome D. cytokinesis • ANSWER: “A” Mitosis makes somatic (body) cells and meiosis makes sex cells What are the numbers? • • • • • DIPLOID(2n) 50 18 46 Which are human somatic cells? • • • • HAPLOID (n) 25 9 23 • 46 (somatic or body) –diploid (mitosis) • 23 (sex)-haploid (meiosis) Put the phases of mitosis in order: • Metaphase telophase anaphase prophase • ANSWER: PMAT In which phase is DNA replicated? G1 (gap 1) G2 (gap 1) S (synthesis) M (mitosis) ANSWER: S Which of the following is not true of a gamete? • • • • A. female is an egg B. male is sperm C. produced by mitosis D. can fuse with one another to form a zygote • ANSWER: C What is the normal number of chromosomes in a normal body human cell? • • • • 92 46 23 21 • ANSWER: 46 What process is shown? • A. mutation • B. nondisjunction • C. independent assortment • D. crossing over • ANSWER: D Identify if a property of (P) photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular respiration: • • • • • Gives off oxygen Gives off carbon dioxide Uses sunlight Makes ATP Makes glucose Identify if a property of (P) photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular respiration: • • • • • • Gives off oxygen P Gives off carbon dioxide CR Uses sunlight P Makes ATP CR Makes glucose P Uses oxygen to burn glucose CR In what organelle do these processes happen? • PHOTOSYNTHESIS • ANSWER: chloroplast • CELLULAR RESPIRATION • ANSWER: mitochondrion The most ATP is made in what process? • • • • A. Glycolysis -anaerobic B. Kreb’s cycle -aerobic C. ETC and chemiosmosis -aerobic D. Lactic Acid Fermentation -anaerobic The most ATP is made in what process? • • • • A. Glycolysis (2) -anaerobic B. Kreb’s cycle (2)-aerobic C. ETC and chemiosmosis (34)-aerobic D. Lactic Acid Fermentation (2)-anaerobic • ANSWER: C What is the name of the pigment that captures the most sunlight? • • • • A. carotenoids B. chlorophyll C. Xanthophylls D. melanin • ANSWER: B Fermentation is not as effective as cellular respiration because: • A. it uses more ATP than it produces • B. it does not use all the water supplied to it • C. it loses electrons to the cell during its reactions • D. it does not completely break down glucose • ANSWER: D What is the source of nearly all the oxygen in the world? • • • • A. decayed matter B. splitting of water C. splitting of carbon dioxide D. breaking down of glucose • ANSWER: B Plants store their extra glucose in a large carbohydrate polymer called: • • • • A. proteins B. fat or lipid C. glycerol D. starch • ANSWER: D The greenhouse effect is: • A. decreased by photosynthesis (takes out CO2) • B. increased by photosynthesis • C. decreased by burning fossil fuels • D. increased by burning fossil fuels (puts in CO2) • Greenhouse Effect - animated diagram (link) • Photosynthesis diagram (link) • ANSWER: both A and D Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are: • • • • A. chemosynthetic B. photosynthetic C. carnivores D. herbivores • ANSWER: B Where is the energy released from in ATP? • • • • A. Between the last two phosphates B. Between the adenine and a phosphate C. Between the adenine and the ribose D. Between the ribose and a phosphate • ANSWER: A An organic compound that has a ratio of 2:1 of H:O is a(n): • • • • A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. protein D. nucleic acid • ANSWER: A. carbohydrate A protein that ends in –”ase” that speeds up organic chemical reactions is: • • • • • A. lipids B. organics C. carriers D. enzymes ANSWER: D What is (are) the reactant (s)? • CO2 + H2O H2CO3 • ANSWER: CO2 and H2O • Products are on the right •You are fools for not paying attention. How many protons are in Na? 23 Na 11 P + n (subtract 23-11 for n) P (same as e-) • ANSWER: 11 protons • 12 neutrons 11 electrons Catalyst proteins that controls chemical reactions are called: • • • • A. enzymes B. carbohydrates C. ATP D. nucleic acids • ANSWER: enzymes RNA and DNA are: • • • • A. carbohydrates B. nucleic acids C. lipids D. proteins • ANSWER: B Lipids are combinations of: • • • • A. amino acids B. ribose + phosphates C. fatty acids + glycerol D. monosaccharides • ANSWER: C What is the function of each? • • • • Carbohydrate Protein Nucleic acid Lipid • • • • Energy for cells Skin, muscles, etc. Genetic info Energy storage and cell membranes Underline Which is Correct • • • • T = dominant or recessive And t = dominant or recessive Tt = heterozygous or homozygous TT, and tt = heterozygous or homozygous Underline Which is Correct • • • • T = dominant or recessive And t = dominant or recessive Tt = heterozygous or homozygous TT, tt = heterozygous or homozygous TT, RR, HH are all: • • • • • A. homozygous recessive B. homozygous dominant C. heterozygous recessive D. heterozygous dominant ANSWER: B What are the male and female chromosome symbols? • MALE • ANSWER: XY • FEMALE • ANSWER: XX Alternate forms of a gene, like purple and white flowers, are: • • • • A. traits B. alleles C. points D. telomeres • ANSWER: B What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss? • A. phenotypic • B. genotypic • S=smooth • And s=rough What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss? • A. phenotypic 3 Smooth:1rough • B. genotypic 1 SS: 2:Ss:1ss S • S=smooth s • And s=rough S s SS Ss Ss ss Genotype and Phenotype? • Which is the genotype? • TT : Tt : tt Tall : short • Genotype are the letters, TT, Tt , tt • Phenotype is the description: Tall : short Thomas Morgan discovered sex linked traits in the fruit fly. • How many male Brown eyed flies are predicted? • B= brown and b=blue • ANSWER: 100% brown males Sex-linked Trait Problem • In humans, red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked trait located on the X chromosomes. • Normal vision (XN) is dominant to colorblindness (Xn). • Using a Punnett square, cross a heterozygous female with a male that has normal vision. Did you use these parents? XN XN Y Xn Did you fill in these offspring? XN Xn XN N N X X N n X X Y X NY XnY What is the genotypic ratio? XN Xn XN N N X X N n X X Y X NY XnY Genotypic: Females 1 XNXN : 1 XNXn Males: 1 XNY : 1 XnY What is the phenotypic ratio? XN Xn XN N N X X N n X X Y X NY XnY Genotypic: Females all Normal Males: 1 Normal : 1 colorblind CONTRAST • Mitosis • Meiosis • 2N to 2N (diploid) • Makes somatic (body) cells • Humans: 46 somatic cells • Has 1 division • 2N to N (haploid) • Makes sex cells • Humans: 23 sex cells • Has 2 divisions What is this chart called? • Punnett • Karyotype • Pedigree • ANSWER: • karyotype What is this genetic disorder? • • • • Down Klinefelter’s Turner’s Marfan • ANSWER: Down Syndrome What is this genetic disorder? • • • • Down syndrome Klinefelter’s Turner’s Marfan trisomy 21 XXY XO What is this chart called? • Punnett • Pedigree • Karyotype • ANSWER: Pedigree B=brown eyes b=blue eyes bb=shaded • What is the genotype of parent I-1? • ANSWER: Bb How many children did I-1 and I-2 have? • A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 • ANSWER: 4 D. 7 What is the sex of the child at the arrow? • ANSWER: male Match the scientists: • A. Founder of Genetics, pea plants • B. Father of Evolution, natural selection • C. Found the structure of DNA • D. Acquired traits • • • • 1. Watson,Crick 2. Mendel 3. Darwin 4. Lamarck • ANSWER: A-2 • B-3 • C-1 D-4 What is the complementary DNA strand? • ATC C GA CTAG G • TAGGCTGATCC • A-T C-G for DNA to DNA What is the complementary RNA strand? • ATC C GA CTAG G • UAGGCUGAUCC • DNA – RNA • (no T’s) A-U C-G What would be… • DNA ATC mRNA? ____ tRNA? ____ What would be… • DNA ATC mRNA? UAG tRNA? AUC