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Lecture 6C- 25 OCT. 2010
PROTEINS
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DIETARY INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDED INTAKES OF PROTEIN
DRI – 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight/day
healthy adults (19 and up)
-10-35 percent of daily calories from protein
-compare to 45-65 % from carbohydrate
-compare to 20-35 % from fat
safe levels
file:///D:/Media/Animations/chapter6/06ht.html
file:///D:/Media/Animations/chapter6/06nc.html
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PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
P.196-199
(PEM)
KWASHIORKOR
GHANIAN WORD
MARASMUS
MEANS TO WASTE AWAY
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PEM CONTINUED
KWASHIORKOR
PURE PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
-world wide –affects all ages
-swollen liver and hence belly
-LOW protein-HIGH fibre diet
-adequate energy intake
-growth/immune issues
-nutrient absorption
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MARASMUS
ENERGY DEFICIENCY
All nutrients including protein
low in diet
Wasting-use of fat stores
Growth issues-brain growth in
first year–potential
for reduced
intelligence
and learning
disabilities
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
CANCER
ANIMAL STUDIES- INITIALLY BELIEVED TO BE
SOY PROTEIN THAT INHIBITED BREAST CANCER
-BUT THIS TURNED OUT TO BE FALSE
- ACTUALLY ISOFLAVONES DOING THE JOB
ONE ISOFLAVONE BINDS TO ESTROGEN
RECEPTOR REDUCING IMPACT OF ESTROGEN
-ESTROGEN (HORMONE REPLACEMENT)
HAS BEEN LINKED TO BREAST CANCER
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
HEART DISEASE
INCREASED DIETARY PROTEIN AND
REDUCED DIETARY FAT
-GENERALLY DECREASED BLOOD
CHOLESTEROL
-HOWEVER ANIMAL PROTEIN TENDS
TO RAISE BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
WHILE PLANT PROTEIN TENDS
TO DECREASE BLOOD
CHOLESTEROL
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
DIABETES
10-15 % caloric intake as protein- appropriate
diabetics tend to consume more protein than non-diabetics
- this can lead to kidney disease
soy protein and other plant proteins improve kidney
function in diabetic kidney disease compared to
animal proteins
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
OSTEOPOROSIS
Pathology
In west, very high protein intake beyond recommended levels
-this results in increased urinary calcium output
Over a wide range of protein intakes for every 1 g
increase in dietary protein get 1 mg increase in urinary calcium
output
So get higher levels of osteoporosis even with good calcium
intakes
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
BLOOD PRESSURE
Increased protein decreased blood pressure-observational studies
Decreased protein increased blood pressure-observational studies
However intervention studies show no relation with dietary amount
or type
But individual amino acids like tryptophan or tyrosine decrease
blood pressure in animals due to increases in blood pressure
dropping neurotransmitters
Arginine-may drop blood pressure due to blood vessel relaxation
Also issue of reducing fat intake
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
KIDNEY FAILURE
Pathology- urea
High protein diet suggested by some to increase
progression of kidney disease to endpoint- controversial
Higher protein intake associated with increased
kidney blood flow and filtration function-promotes renal
failure
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Protein malnutrition
-selective effects on immune cells- resulting in decreased
immune function
-decreased immune maturation
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PROTEINS IN HEALTH-continued
IMMUNE RESPONSE continued
Amino acids
-arginine important for immune response
-glutamine used for energy and DNA
synthesis in immune response cells
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WHAT IS NEW IN PROTEIN
NUTRITION RESEARCH
Athletes
Just eat more to meet increase energy
needs and will get more protein in diet to meet
increased demands on protein metabolism
Whey protein and other amino acid/protein
supplements are a waste of time and money for
athletes and anybody else- expensive
-cheaper to get protein in a good diet.
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WHAT IS NEW IN PROTEIN
NUTRITION RESEARCH
2007 – CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PD
PATIENTS-EATING TO APPETITE- NOT
GETTING ENOUGH PROTEIN
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