Download Drugs

Prescription and OTC Drugs
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Drugs
• A drug is a substance other than
food that changes the way the body
or mind functions.
• Responsible drug use is the correct
use of legal drugs to promote health
and well-being.
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What to Know About Drugs
• Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a
prescription or OTC drug.
• Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug
without medical or health reasons.
• Both legal and illegal drugs can be abused.
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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body
• By mouth
– The most common way of taking a drug is by
swallowing it.
– A drug in the form of a pill, capsule, or liquid
may be swallowed.
– After being swallowed, a drug travels to the
stomach and small intestine and is absorbed
into the bloodstream.
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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body
• By injection
– Some drugs are injected using a syringe
and a needle.
– A drug that is injected must be dissolved
in liquid.
– The drug goes directly under the skin into
a muscle or blood vessel, causing
immediate results.
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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body
• By inhalation
– Some drugs are inhaled through the nose
or mouth.
– Drugs that are inhaled produce effects very
quickly by entering the bloodstream through
the lungs.
– Snorting is sniffing drugs through the nose so
that they can be absorbed through the
mucous membranes of the nasal passages.
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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body
• By absorption
– A drug that is absorbed enters the
bloodstream through the skin or
mucous membranes.
– A skin patch is a patch worn on the body
that contains a drug that is absorbed
through the skin.
– A suppository is a wax-coated form of a
drug that is inserted into the rectum.
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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body
• By absorption
– Buccal absorption is the absorption of a
drug between the cheek and gum.
– Sublingual absorption is the absorption
of a drug when it is placed under
the tongue.
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Prescription Drugs
• A drug that is used to treat, prevent,
or diagnose illness is a medicine.
• A prescription is a written order
from a licensed health professional.
• A prescription drug is a medicine
that fights specific illnesses and
infections and can be obtained only
with a prescription.
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What to Know About Prescription Drugs
– Obtaining or using prescription
drugs without a prescription is
illegal.
– Licensed pharmacists are allied
health professionals who dispense
medications that are prescribed
by physicians.
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What to Know About Prescription Drugs
• Brand-name v. generic
– A brand-name drug is a drug with a registered
name or trademark given to it by a
pharmaceutical company.
– A generic-name drug is a drug that
contains the same active ingredients as a
brand-name drug.
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OTC Drugs
• There are many different kinds of
over-the-counter drugs, including
aspirin, vitamins,
and cold medicines.
•An Over-the-counter drug (OTC) is a
drug that can be purchased without
a prescription in stores such as
grocery stores and drugstores.
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Herbal Supplements
• Dietary supplements are nutrients
that are not a part of food and that
may come in the form of pills,
capsules, liquids, or powders.
• When prescribed by a health
professional, dietary supplements
may be helpful, but sometimes they
can be dangerous.
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The Risks of Herbal Supplements
• Herbal supplements are chemicals from plants
that contain nutrients and are taken in addition
to or in place of foods in one’s diet.
• Safety issues
– Manufacturers of herbal supplements,
including vitamins and minerals, do not have
to provide tests that show they are safe and
effective before their products are sold
to consumers.
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The Risks of Herbal Supplements
• Ephedra
– Ephedra is an herbal supplement known for
its stimulating effect.
– Ephedra provides energy and increased
metabolism.
– The effects of ephedra include changes in
blood pressure, headaches, chest pain, heart
attack, stroke, and death.
– The FDA banned the distribution of ephedra
in 2004.
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The Risks of Herbal Supplements
• Kava
– Kava is an ingredient in plants from South
Pacific islands.
– Kava, which is promoted for relaxation, is sold
as a product that is supposed to relieve
stress, anxiety, and tension.
– There appears to be evidence that kava
causes liver diseases, such as hepatitis,
cirrhosis, and liver failure.
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Illegal Drugs
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Marijuana
• Marijuana is the dried leaves
and tops of the cannabis plant.
• It is the most commonly used
illegal drug in the United States.
• THC is a drug found in the
cannabis plant that produces
psychoactive effects.
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How the Illegal Use of Marijuana Can
Harm Health
• Marijuana and hashish can harm health.
– Hashish is one of the drugs that is made
from marijuana.
– Hashish oil is the liquid resin from the
cannabis plant.
– Marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil are
considered gateway drugs, which are drugs
that increase the likelihood that people who
use them will use other harmful drugs.
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Types of Marijuana
Drug/Also
Known As
How Ingested/
Legality
Marijuana:
Chronic herb,
reefer, ganja,
tea, Mary
Jane, grass,
pot, weed,
joint
(marijuana
cigarette)
Smoked or
eaten/illegal
without a
prescription
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Effects
Relaxed,
euphoric,
drowsy, and
hungry’
Marijuana can
cause
amotivational
syndrome,
which is a
persistent loss
of ambition and
motivation
Types of Marijuana
Drug/Also
Known As
How Ingested/
Legality
Hashish
(hashish oil)
Smoked,
mixed with
tobacco, or
eaten in
candies or
cookies/
illegal
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Effects
Similar to
marijuana,
but stronger
Dependence
– People who use marijuana develop tolerance
after high doses and long-term use.
– They can develop psychological dependence.
– It is not clear if marijuana causes physical
dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
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Ecstasy (MDMA)
• Ecstasy (MDMA) is an illegal
psychoactive drug that has a
stimulating effect and the ability to
cause hallucinations.
• Ecstasy is a drug that is
synthetic, meaning it is made in
a laboratory.
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A Hallucinogen and A Stimulant
Drug/Also
Known As
MDMA:
Ecstasy, XTC
How Ingested/
Legality
Swallowed,
sniffed, or
injected/
illegal
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Effects
Also acts as a
stimulant, can
cause brain
damage,
similar to LSD
• Harmful Psychological Effects
– Among the psychological effects
are: confusion, depression,
insomnia, severe anxiety, and
paranoia or extreme fear.
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• Physical Problems
– Use of Ecstasy can result in different kinds of
physical problems, including muscle tension,
involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred
vision, faintness, chills, and sweating.
– Ecstasy also causes an increase in heartbeat
rate and blood pressure.
– Ecstasy can have long-term effects on
the brain.
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• Warning signs
– Be alert to signs of Ecstasy use around you.
– Pacifiers and suckers
control teeth-grinding,
a common side effect
of Ecstasy.
– Candy dispensers
are used to hide
Ecstasy tablets.
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• Club Drugs
– Club drugs is the collective term used to
describe the drugs that often are available at
raves, which are large, all-night dance parties
attended by teens and young adults.
– GHB, known as liquid Ecstasy, can cause
seizures or coma.
– “roofies,” is a benzodiazepine that can cause a
type of amnesia. It has been used in sexual
assaults, and can cause death.
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Facts About Club Drugs
• Club Drugs
– Ketamine, known as “Special K,” is an
anesthetic that also has been used as a
date-rape drug.
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Hallucinogens
• Hallucinogens, or psychedelic
drugs, are a group of drugs that
interfere with the senses and
cause hallucinations.
• A hallucination is an imagined
experience that seems real.
• The effects of hallucinogens may last
for several days.
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• By harming the body
– Hallucinogens can cause increased heart rate
and blood pressure, tremors, and nausea.
• By harming the mind
– Hallucinogens can alter perception of reality,
time and environment, intensify mood, and
cause rapid mood swings and flashbacks.
– A flashback is a vivid memory of
a hallucination.
• By causing dependence
– People who regularly use hallucinogens may
develop a tolerance
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Types of Hallucinogens
Drug/Also
Known As
LSD: Acid,
doses, beast,
Lucy,
diamond,
tabs, trips
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How Ingested/
Legality
Swallowed,
sniffed, or
placed on
tongue to
dissolve/
illegal
Effects
Pupils dilate,
skin
becomes
flushed,
heart rate
and
temperature
increase,
“bad trips”
Types of Hallucinogens
Drug/Also
Known As
How Ingested/
Legality
Effects
PCP: Angel
dust, dust
Smoked,
swallowed,
or sniffed/
illegal
Restlessness,
disorientation,
anxiousness,
anger,
aggression,
feelings of
invincibility
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Types of Hallucinogens
Drug/Also
Known As
Mushrooms,
shrooms
How Ingested/
Legality
Eaten/illegal
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Effects
Increased
blood
pressure and
heart rate,
dizziness,
anxiety, “bad
trips”
MAGIC MUSHROOMS
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Synthetic Tryptamines
Stimulants
• Stimulants are a group of drugs
that speed up the activities of the
central nervous system.
• Stimulants sometimes are called
“uppers” because they make people
feel alert, awake, and active.
• However, the use of stimulants
always is followed by a crash, or the
intense down period that follows a
stimulant high.
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
• By causing immediate death
– Within minutes, people who have taken a
stimulant may have a heart attack or seizure,
stop breathing, and die.
– Cocaine is an illegal drug in the form of white
powder extracted from the leaves of a
cocoa plant.
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
• By harming the body
– People who use stimulants may experience
body tremors, vomiting, increased alertness,
quickened movements, a racing heart, and
increased blood pressure.
– Snorting stimulants causes sores and burns in
and around the nose, and may develop holes
between the nostrils.
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
• By harming the mind
• People who use stimulants can become
confused, anxious, aggressive, paranoid, and
have hallucinations.
• A hallucination is an imagined sight, sound,
or feeling.
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
• By causing dependence
• The body builds up tolerance to stimulants
very quickly.
• Physical dependence can occur after one
use.
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
How Ingested/
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Cocaine:
Coke, blow,
gold dust,
white lady,
snow, Charlie
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Snorted,
injected, or
smoked/
illegal
Effects
Highly
addictive;
can cause
stroke, heart
attack, or
seizure; can
be fatal with
one use
How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
How Ingested/
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Crack
(freebase
cocaine):
Rock
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Smoked/
illegal
Effects
Effects ten
times greater
than cocaine,
can be fatal
with one use,
extremely
addictive
How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
How Ingested/
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Amphetamines: Swallowed/
Diet pills (no
illegal without
longer sold for
prescription
this purpose)
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Effects
Can cause
multiple
health
problems,
highly
addictive
How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
How Ingested/
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Methamphetamines: Meth,
crank, crystal
meth, crystal tea,
crystal, ice,
speed, chalk,
glass
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Swallowed,
snorted,
injected, or
smoked/
illegal without
prescription
Effects
Addictive,
effects
similar to
cocaine, can
be fatal with
one use
How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can
Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
How Ingested/
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Ephedrine:
Effies, white
cross
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Swallowed or
inhaled/
illegal without
prescription
Effects
Prescribed to
relieve
asthma, can
be used to
make and
has same
effects as
methamphetamines
Other Stimulants:
• A look-alike drug is a drug manufactured to
resemble another drug or mimic its effects.
• Caffeine is a stimulant found in chocolate,
coffee, and tea that also can be found in some
look-alike amphetamines .
• Caffeinism is poisoning due to heavy
caffeine intake.
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Narcotics
• Narcotics are a group of drugs that
slow down, or depress, the central
nervous system and relieve pain.
• An analgesic is a drug that
relieves pain.
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Narcotics
• Opium is a white, milky fluid from
the seedpod of the poppy plant.
• Morphine is a naturally occurring
substance extracted from the
poppy plant.
• Codeine is a painkiller produced
from morphine.
• Heroin is a narcotic processed
from morphine.
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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can
Harm Health
• By causing immediate death
– Narcotic drugs depress the central nervous
system, slow down breathing, and can cause
coma and even death.
• By harming the body
– People who use narcotics may experience
euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, rapid
heartbeat, and clammy skin.
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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can
Harm Health
• By harming the mind
– People who use narcotics
cannot use reasoning and
judgment to make
responsible decisions.
– They may become
depressed and lazy and
have mood swings.
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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can
Harm Health
• By causing dependence
– Repeated use of narcotics results in increased
tolerance, which leads to physical dependence.
– People who are physically dependent on
narcotics experience withdrawal if they stop
taking the drug.
– Narcotics also cause psychological
dependence.
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Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also
Known As
How Ingested/
Legality
Effects
Opium: O
Smoked/
illegal
Extremely
addictive
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Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also
Known As
Morphine:
Morph, Miss
Emma
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How Ingested/
Legality
Injected,
snorted,
smoked, or
swallowed/
illegal with
prescription
Effects
One of the
strongest
pain relievers
used in
medicine,
causes
addiction and
can cause
death
Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also
Known As
Codeine
How Ingested/
Legality
Effects
Swallowed/
illegal with
prescription,
available in
very small
amounts in
OTC drugs
Painkiller,
cough
suppressant,
sleep aid
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Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also
Known As
Heroin:
Smack, junk,
brother,
garbage
How Ingested/
Legality
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Injected,
snorted,
smoked/
illegal
Effects
Extremely
addictive,
can cause
respiratory
arrest and
death,
severe
withdrawal
symptoms
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Sedative-Hypnotics
• Sedative-hypnotics are a group of
drugs that depress the activities of the
central nervous system.
• A sedative is a drug that has a calming
effect on a person’s behavior.
• A hypnotic is a drug that produces
drowsiness and sleep.
• They are highly addictive and are illegal
when used without a prescription.
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How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health
• By causing death
– Combining sedative-hypnotics with alcohol is
extremely risky and can be fatal as alcohol
multiplies the depressive effects of sedativehypnotics on the central nervous system.
• By harming the body
– This group of drugs slows body functions,
causing slurred speech, lack of coordination,
clammy skin, dilated pupils, and an inability to
stay awake.
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How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health
• By harming the mind
– People who take sedative-hypnotics cannot
use reasoning and judgment to make
responsible decisions.
• By causing dependence
– The use of barbiturates and benzodiazepines
can lead to physical dependence.
– People who are physically dependent have
withdrawal if they stop taking the drug.
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How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health
Types of Sedative-Hypnotics
How Ingested/ Effects
Drug/Also
Legality
Known As
Barbiturates:
Barbs, bank
bandits, reds,
blockbusters
Swallowed/
illegal without
prescription
Highly
addictive,
sleep aid,
ease tension
Benzodiazepines:
Tranquilizers
Swallowed or
injected/
illegal without
prescription
Ease anxiety,
relax muscles,
anticonvulsant
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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
• Steroids are a group of
synthetic drugs that are
related to hormones.
• An anabolic-androgenic steroid is a
steroid used to treat medical conditions.
• Some people illegally use steroids to
build muscles and improve strength,
athletic performance, and appearance.
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How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can
Harm Health
• By harming the body
– In males, steroids cause reduced sperm count,
sterility, baldness, and painful urination.
– In females, steroids cause missed menstrual
periods, hair growth on the face and body, and
smaller breasts.
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How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can
Harm Health
• By harming the mind
– People who use steroids might become
aggressive and violent.
– Roid rages are outbursts of anger and
hostility caused by steroid use.
• By causing dependence
– People who regularly use steroids may
develop physical or psychological dependence.
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Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Drug/Also
Known As
Anabolicandrogenic
steroids
How Ingested/
Legality
Injected or
swallowed/
illegal without
prescription
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Effects
Voice deepens,
increases facial
and/or body
hair, increases
muscle size,
may increase
aggressiveness
Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Drug/Also
Known As
Corticosteroids
How Ingested/
Legality
Injected or
swallowed/
illegal without
prescription
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Effects
Antiinflammatory
used to treat
asthma,
eczema, and
arthritis;
increases
weight; mood
swings
How to Resist Pressure to Use Illegal Drugs
• Many teens may not recognize that using
illegal drugs can have serious physical,
mental, social, and legal consequences.
• Peers may try to influence you to try an
illegal drug but you can resist pressure to use
illegal drugs.
• Resistance skills are skills that help a person
say “no” to an action or to leave a situation.
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