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Prescription and OTC Drugs Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Drugs • A drug is a substance other than food that changes the way the body or mind functions. • Responsible drug use is the correct use of legal drugs to promote health and well-being. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs • Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a prescription or OTC drug. • Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons. • Both legal and illegal drugs can be abused. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs Ways Drugs Enter the Body • By mouth – The most common way of taking a drug is by swallowing it. – A drug in the form of a pill, capsule, or liquid may be swallowed. – After being swallowed, a drug travels to the stomach and small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs Ways Drugs Enter the Body • By injection – Some drugs are injected using a syringe and a needle. – A drug that is injected must be dissolved in liquid. – The drug goes directly under the skin into a muscle or blood vessel, causing immediate results. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs Ways Drugs Enter the Body • By inhalation – Some drugs are inhaled through the nose or mouth. – Drugs that are inhaled produce effects very quickly by entering the bloodstream through the lungs. – Snorting is sniffing drugs through the nose so that they can be absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nasal passages. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs Ways Drugs Enter the Body • By absorption – A drug that is absorbed enters the bloodstream through the skin or mucous membranes. – A skin patch is a patch worn on the body that contains a drug that is absorbed through the skin. – A suppository is a wax-coated form of a drug that is inserted into the rectum. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Drugs Ways Drugs Enter the Body • By absorption – Buccal absorption is the absorption of a drug between the cheek and gum. – Sublingual absorption is the absorption of a drug when it is placed under the tongue. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Prescription Drugs • A drug that is used to treat, prevent, or diagnose illness is a medicine. • A prescription is a written order from a licensed health professional. • A prescription drug is a medicine that fights specific illnesses and infections and can be obtained only with a prescription. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Prescription Drugs – Obtaining or using prescription drugs without a prescription is illegal. – Licensed pharmacists are allied health professionals who dispense medications that are prescribed by physicians. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. What to Know About Prescription Drugs • Brand-name v. generic – A brand-name drug is a drug with a registered name or trademark given to it by a pharmaceutical company. – A generic-name drug is a drug that contains the same active ingredients as a brand-name drug. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. OTC Drugs • There are many different kinds of over-the-counter drugs, including aspirin, vitamins, and cold medicines. •An Over-the-counter drug (OTC) is a drug that can be purchased without a prescription in stores such as grocery stores and drugstores. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Herbal Supplements • Dietary supplements are nutrients that are not a part of food and that may come in the form of pills, capsules, liquids, or powders. • When prescribed by a health professional, dietary supplements may be helpful, but sometimes they can be dangerous. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. The Risks of Herbal Supplements • Herbal supplements are chemicals from plants that contain nutrients and are taken in addition to or in place of foods in one’s diet. • Safety issues – Manufacturers of herbal supplements, including vitamins and minerals, do not have to provide tests that show they are safe and effective before their products are sold to consumers. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. The Risks of Herbal Supplements • Ephedra – Ephedra is an herbal supplement known for its stimulating effect. – Ephedra provides energy and increased metabolism. – The effects of ephedra include changes in blood pressure, headaches, chest pain, heart attack, stroke, and death. – The FDA banned the distribution of ephedra in 2004. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. The Risks of Herbal Supplements • Kava – Kava is an ingredient in plants from South Pacific islands. – Kava, which is promoted for relaxation, is sold as a product that is supposed to relieve stress, anxiety, and tension. – There appears to be evidence that kava causes liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Illegal Drugs Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Marijuana • Marijuana is the dried leaves and tops of the cannabis plant. • It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States. • THC is a drug found in the cannabis plant that produces psychoactive effects. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Marijuana Can Harm Health • Marijuana and hashish can harm health. – Hashish is one of the drugs that is made from marijuana. – Hashish oil is the liquid resin from the cannabis plant. – Marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil are considered gateway drugs, which are drugs that increase the likelihood that people who use them will use other harmful drugs. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Marijuana Drug/Also Known As How Ingested/ Legality Marijuana: Chronic herb, reefer, ganja, tea, Mary Jane, grass, pot, weed, joint (marijuana cigarette) Smoked or eaten/illegal without a prescription Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Relaxed, euphoric, drowsy, and hungry’ Marijuana can cause amotivational syndrome, which is a persistent loss of ambition and motivation Types of Marijuana Drug/Also Known As How Ingested/ Legality Hashish (hashish oil) Smoked, mixed with tobacco, or eaten in candies or cookies/ illegal Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Similar to marijuana, but stronger Dependence – People who use marijuana develop tolerance after high doses and long-term use. – They can develop psychological dependence. – It is not clear if marijuana causes physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Ecstasy (MDMA) • Ecstasy (MDMA) is an illegal psychoactive drug that has a stimulating effect and the ability to cause hallucinations. • Ecstasy is a drug that is synthetic, meaning it is made in a laboratory. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. A Hallucinogen and A Stimulant Drug/Also Known As MDMA: Ecstasy, XTC How Ingested/ Legality Swallowed, sniffed, or injected/ illegal Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Also acts as a stimulant, can cause brain damage, similar to LSD • Harmful Psychological Effects – Among the psychological effects are: confusion, depression, insomnia, severe anxiety, and paranoia or extreme fear. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. • Physical Problems – Use of Ecstasy can result in different kinds of physical problems, including muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, chills, and sweating. – Ecstasy also causes an increase in heartbeat rate and blood pressure. – Ecstasy can have long-term effects on the brain. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. • Warning signs – Be alert to signs of Ecstasy use around you. – Pacifiers and suckers control teeth-grinding, a common side effect of Ecstasy. – Candy dispensers are used to hide Ecstasy tablets. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. • Club Drugs – Club drugs is the collective term used to describe the drugs that often are available at raves, which are large, all-night dance parties attended by teens and young adults. – GHB, known as liquid Ecstasy, can cause seizures or coma. – “roofies,” is a benzodiazepine that can cause a type of amnesia. It has been used in sexual assaults, and can cause death. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Facts About Club Drugs • Club Drugs – Ketamine, known as “Special K,” is an anesthetic that also has been used as a date-rape drug. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens, or psychedelic drugs, are a group of drugs that interfere with the senses and cause hallucinations. • A hallucination is an imagined experience that seems real. • The effects of hallucinogens may last for several days. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. • By harming the body – Hallucinogens can cause increased heart rate and blood pressure, tremors, and nausea. • By harming the mind – Hallucinogens can alter perception of reality, time and environment, intensify mood, and cause rapid mood swings and flashbacks. – A flashback is a vivid memory of a hallucination. • By causing dependence – People who regularly use hallucinogens may develop a tolerance Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Hallucinogens Drug/Also Known As LSD: Acid, doses, beast, Lucy, diamond, tabs, trips Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How Ingested/ Legality Swallowed, sniffed, or placed on tongue to dissolve/ illegal Effects Pupils dilate, skin becomes flushed, heart rate and temperature increase, “bad trips” Types of Hallucinogens Drug/Also Known As How Ingested/ Legality Effects PCP: Angel dust, dust Smoked, swallowed, or sniffed/ illegal Restlessness, disorientation, anxiousness, anger, aggression, feelings of invincibility Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Hallucinogens Drug/Also Known As Mushrooms, shrooms How Ingested/ Legality Eaten/illegal Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Increased blood pressure and heart rate, dizziness, anxiety, “bad trips” MAGIC MUSHROOMS Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Synthetic Tryptamines Stimulants • Stimulants are a group of drugs that speed up the activities of the central nervous system. • Stimulants sometimes are called “uppers” because they make people feel alert, awake, and active. • However, the use of stimulants always is followed by a crash, or the intense down period that follows a stimulant high. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health • By causing immediate death – Within minutes, people who have taken a stimulant may have a heart attack or seizure, stop breathing, and die. – Cocaine is an illegal drug in the form of white powder extracted from the leaves of a cocoa plant. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health • By harming the body – People who use stimulants may experience body tremors, vomiting, increased alertness, quickened movements, a racing heart, and increased blood pressure. – Snorting stimulants causes sores and burns in and around the nose, and may develop holes between the nostrils. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health • By harming the mind • People who use stimulants can become confused, anxious, aggressive, paranoid, and have hallucinations. • A hallucination is an imagined sight, sound, or feeling. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health • By causing dependence • The body builds up tolerance to stimulants very quickly. • Physical dependence can occur after one use. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health Types of Stimulants How Ingested/ Drug/Also Legality Known As Cocaine: Coke, blow, gold dust, white lady, snow, Charlie Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Snorted, injected, or smoked/ illegal Effects Highly addictive; can cause stroke, heart attack, or seizure; can be fatal with one use How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health Types of Stimulants How Ingested/ Drug/Also Legality Known As Crack (freebase cocaine): Rock Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Smoked/ illegal Effects Effects ten times greater than cocaine, can be fatal with one use, extremely addictive How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health Types of Stimulants How Ingested/ Drug/Also Legality Known As Amphetamines: Swallowed/ Diet pills (no illegal without longer sold for prescription this purpose) Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Can cause multiple health problems, highly addictive How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health Types of Stimulants How Ingested/ Drug/Also Legality Known As Methamphetamines: Meth, crank, crystal meth, crystal tea, crystal, ice, speed, chalk, glass Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked/ illegal without prescription Effects Addictive, effects similar to cocaine, can be fatal with one use How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health Types of Stimulants How Ingested/ Drug/Also Legality Known As Ephedrine: Effies, white cross Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Swallowed or inhaled/ illegal without prescription Effects Prescribed to relieve asthma, can be used to make and has same effects as methamphetamines Other Stimulants: • A look-alike drug is a drug manufactured to resemble another drug or mimic its effects. • Caffeine is a stimulant found in chocolate, coffee, and tea that also can be found in some look-alike amphetamines . • Caffeinism is poisoning due to heavy caffeine intake. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Narcotics • Narcotics are a group of drugs that slow down, or depress, the central nervous system and relieve pain. • An analgesic is a drug that relieves pain. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Narcotics • Opium is a white, milky fluid from the seedpod of the poppy plant. • Morphine is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the poppy plant. • Codeine is a painkiller produced from morphine. • Heroin is a narcotic processed from morphine. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health • By causing immediate death – Narcotic drugs depress the central nervous system, slow down breathing, and can cause coma and even death. • By harming the body – People who use narcotics may experience euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and clammy skin. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health • By harming the mind – People who use narcotics cannot use reasoning and judgment to make responsible decisions. – They may become depressed and lazy and have mood swings. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health • By causing dependence – Repeated use of narcotics results in increased tolerance, which leads to physical dependence. – People who are physically dependent on narcotics experience withdrawal if they stop taking the drug. – Narcotics also cause psychological dependence. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Narcotics Drug/Also Known As How Ingested/ Legality Effects Opium: O Smoked/ illegal Extremely addictive Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Narcotics Drug/Also Known As Morphine: Morph, Miss Emma Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How Ingested/ Legality Injected, snorted, smoked, or swallowed/ illegal with prescription Effects One of the strongest pain relievers used in medicine, causes addiction and can cause death Types of Narcotics Drug/Also Known As Codeine How Ingested/ Legality Effects Swallowed/ illegal with prescription, available in very small amounts in OTC drugs Painkiller, cough suppressant, sleep aid Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Narcotics Drug/Also Known As Heroin: Smack, junk, brother, garbage How Ingested/ Legality Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Injected, snorted, smoked/ illegal Effects Extremely addictive, can cause respiratory arrest and death, severe withdrawal symptoms Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Sedative-Hypnotics • Sedative-hypnotics are a group of drugs that depress the activities of the central nervous system. • A sedative is a drug that has a calming effect on a person’s behavior. • A hypnotic is a drug that produces drowsiness and sleep. • They are highly addictive and are illegal when used without a prescription. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health • By causing death – Combining sedative-hypnotics with alcohol is extremely risky and can be fatal as alcohol multiplies the depressive effects of sedativehypnotics on the central nervous system. • By harming the body – This group of drugs slows body functions, causing slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, dilated pupils, and an inability to stay awake. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health • By harming the mind – People who take sedative-hypnotics cannot use reasoning and judgment to make responsible decisions. • By causing dependence – The use of barbiturates and benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence. – People who are physically dependent have withdrawal if they stop taking the drug. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of SedativeHypnotics Can Harm Health Types of Sedative-Hypnotics How Ingested/ Effects Drug/Also Legality Known As Barbiturates: Barbs, bank bandits, reds, blockbusters Swallowed/ illegal without prescription Highly addictive, sleep aid, ease tension Benzodiazepines: Tranquilizers Swallowed or injected/ illegal without prescription Ease anxiety, relax muscles, anticonvulsant Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids • Steroids are a group of synthetic drugs that are related to hormones. • An anabolic-androgenic steroid is a steroid used to treat medical conditions. • Some people illegally use steroids to build muscles and improve strength, athletic performance, and appearance. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can Harm Health • By harming the body – In males, steroids cause reduced sperm count, sterility, baldness, and painful urination. – In females, steroids cause missed menstrual periods, hair growth on the face and body, and smaller breasts. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can Harm Health • By harming the mind – People who use steroids might become aggressive and violent. – Roid rages are outbursts of anger and hostility caused by steroid use. • By causing dependence – People who regularly use steroids may develop physical or psychological dependence. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Drug/Also Known As Anabolicandrogenic steroids How Ingested/ Legality Injected or swallowed/ illegal without prescription Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Voice deepens, increases facial and/or body hair, increases muscle size, may increase aggressiveness Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Drug/Also Known As Corticosteroids How Ingested/ Legality Injected or swallowed/ illegal without prescription Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. Effects Antiinflammatory used to treat asthma, eczema, and arthritis; increases weight; mood swings How to Resist Pressure to Use Illegal Drugs • Many teens may not recognize that using illegal drugs can have serious physical, mental, social, and legal consequences. • Peers may try to influence you to try an illegal drug but you can resist pressure to use illegal drugs. • Resistance skills are skills that help a person say “no” to an action or to leave a situation. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information.