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Transcript
Warm-Up Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We talked about marijuana, steroids and inhalants. Among all that we learned, what most surprised you? Do you think knowing this will keep you from using the drug OR if you have used it will this make you stop? How do you think we can decrease the number of teenagers who use these illegal drugs? Psychoactive Drugs Lesson 20 Objectives Identify various classes of drugs Identify the effects of the various classes on the mind and body Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity to the brain – Change the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) The CNS is an amazingly complex part of the body – Includes the brain and spinal cord – EVERY form of activity, from bending a finger to solving abstract problems, involves the CNS Classification Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens Stimulants Drugs that speed up the central nervous system Some foods contain small amounts of stimulants – Coffee, tea and soda contain caffeine Nicotine in tobacco products is a stimulant Some stimulants have medical uses, although many are used illegally Most dangerous illegal stimulants – Cocaine – Amphetamines – methamphetamines Cocaine White powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant Highly addictive Users experience a euphoria – A feeling of intense well-being or elation Effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours Effects of Cocaine Depression Fatigue Paranoia Physiological dependence Malnutrition Cardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENS Collapse of the nasal septum Risk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injecting Overdose – – – – Cardiac arrest Respiratory failure Seizures Death Crack Even more dangerous from of cocaine, because it is a very pure form of cocaine – “crack cocaine” – “rock” – “freebase rock” Reaches the brain in seconds One of the MOST DEADLY drugs available Effects of Crack Quickly after ingested heart rate and blood pressure soar to dangerous levels – Death can result from cardiovascular or respiratory failure Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely dangerous – Substances combined in the liver increasing the risk of death from liver failure Amphetamines Used in prescription medication to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite Some people use them illegally to stay away and alert, improve athletic performance and to lose weight Easily developed tolerance Effects of Amphetamines Twitching Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Heart damage Blood vessel damage Methamphetamine “Meth” Stimulant used in treating certain diseases, including Parkinson’s and obesity White odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water Readily available because it is produced in makeshift labs Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club drugs’ often associated with all night parties called raves Provides a short term feeling of euphoria Effects of Meth Use Depression Paranoia Damage to the CHS Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Damage to brain cells Death Depressants Drugs that tend to slow down the CNS Relax muscles Relive feelings of tension and worry Cause drowsiness Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, interrupt normal rate of breathing Most common depressant is alcohol 2 common sedative medications – Barbiturates – Tranquilizers Other Widely used depressants – Rohypnol – GHB Combing depressant produces a synergistic effect – Could cause shallow breathing, weak and rapid pulse, coma and death Barbiturates Sedative-hypnotic drug – Induce sleepiness Effects – mood changes – Sleeping more than normal – Coma – Rarely used for medical purposes – Combining with alcohol can be fatal Tranquilizers Reduce muscular activity, coordination and attention span Prescribed to relieve – – – – anxiety Muscle spasms Sleeplessness Nervousness When overused physiological and psychological dependence occurs Withdrawal causes sever shaking and extreme cases coma or death Rohypnol “date rape drug” Widely available club drug Comes in tablet form and looks like aspirin Ten times stronger than tranquilizers Dissolves in carbonated beverages, making it easy to slip into a drink Victim wakes up hours later with no recollection of what has happened GHB Gammahydroxy Butric Acid Also used in date rape crimes Available as a clear liquid, white powder and a variety of tablets Easily to overdose on Leaves the blood relatively quickly, making it hard for emergency room personnel to determine that it has been ingested Narcotics Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are available only be prescription and are used to relieve pain relieve pain by blocking pain messengers in the brain Examples of prescribed narcotics – Morphine – OxyContin – Codeine Heroin is an illegal narcotic Effects of Narcotics Euphoria Drowsiness Constipation Pinpoint pupils Slow and shallow breathing Convulsions Coma Death Highly addictive – Pharmacies must keep records of all sales of these drugs Heroin Processed form of morphine Injected, snorted, smoked Effects – – – – – – Infection of the heart lining and valves Liver infection Coma Death Fetal death if a user is pregnant Increased risk of pneumonia, HIV, and hepatitis B if needles are shared Hallucinogens Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch No medical use Overload sensory controls in the brain causing the brain to intensify sensation and create hallucinations Impair judgment Increase heart rate and respiration Altered mental state can last from several hour to several day Extremely unpredictable effects Users sometime harm themselves or demonstrate other violent behaviors Common hallucinogens – – – – PCP (Phencyclidine) LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Ketamine ecstasy PCP One of the most dangerous drugs of all Effects vary greatly from user to user Distorted sense of time and space Increased muscular strength Inability to feel pain Overdoses can cause death, but most PCP deaths are caused by the destructive behavior the drug produces Flashbacks – Causing panic, confusion and lack of control LSD Extremely strong hallucinogen Effects – – – – – – Convulsions Coma Hear failure Lung failure Death Range of emotions Euphoria to deep depression – Flashbacks can involve a frightening range of emotions long after the actual use of the drug Ketamine Anesthetic – Used for medical purposes mostly in treating animals Club drug Sold as a white powder to be snorted or injected Also smoked with marijuana or tobacco Effects – – – – Hallucinations Dreamlike states Respiratory failure death Ecstasy “designer drug” – Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs – Vary greatly in potency and strength Combination of a stimulant and a hallucinogen Effects of Ecstasy Short term feeling of euphoria Confusion Depression Paranoia Psychosis Long term damage to brain cells Overdose Tremors Paralysis Irreversible brain damage Temperature increase Muscle breakdown Kidney failure Cardiovascular system damage Figure 23.4 pg 604 Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs Figure 23.4 pg 604 continued Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs Drugs affect all 3 sides of your health triangle There are NO benefits from using illegal drugs Choosing to be drug free is one of the MOST IMPORTANT decision you can make to protect your health Real People, Real Stories Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s website to read Answer the following questions: – 1. What drug was abused? – 2. What most surprised you about the story? – 3. What short term effects did the drugs have on the people in the story? – 4. What long term effects of drug abuse did the person exhibit? – 5. If one of your friends was using the drug abused in your story what would you tell him/her?