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CJ 102 Criminology Unit 8 Dr. Lois A. Wims The Life Course Theories • Crime and youth: the most consistent of many aspects of criminology • The study of “persistence” and “desistence” of criminality is part of criminology and the focus of much juvenile programming and ‘at risk’ ventures Developmental Theory • The Gluecks: early onset is a ‘predictor’ of persistence • Maladjustments evident at school, at home, in social settings • Gluecks also famous for the ‘mesomorph’ research you may remember earlier, and they also looked at intelligence, personality factors, mental illness. • Others have looked at school failures, early onset alcohol and drug use on the developing brain The ‘tasks’ of development • • • • • Attachment to others Education job/independence Your own family Avoiding transitions prior to ‘readiness’ (i.e. pregnancy/fatherhood, drugs/alcohol, dropping out) • Or missing milestones because of interruption by imprisonment or drugging/drinking One route to trouble? Or many? • Pathways theory: (Rolf Loeber et al) • Authority Conflict Pathway (rule breaking, truancy, defiance) • Covert Pathway (sneak and property crimes, fires) • Overt Pathway (violence, ‘acting out’) Predictors of Persistence or Desistance? • • • • • • Early onset Violence vs. property crime Alcohol/smoking/marijuana Socialization incomplete Peer group choices Gender (life course trouble, might not be crime) Moment of Truth kids • • • • • “adolescent limiteds” Sometimes become cops! Recognize the path they are on/’aha’ moments/ Able to attach action and consequence More intelligent, particularly verbal