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Drugs 1 Drugs FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 2 What you will learn about in this topic: 1.What drugs are 2.Why people take them 3.Doping 4.The effects of taking drugs in sport 5.Banned substances FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: •Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport •Describe why sportspeople take drugs •Explain what doping is FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 4 Why sports performers take drugs: To recover from injury more quickly or to mask pain Desire to be the best at all costs; winning brings financial rewards Making the most of a short sporting life Influenced by others Better results lead to better sponsors and endorsement contracts Willing to risk cheating for public acclaim The will to win overrides moral conscience Desire to meet expectations of others Natural ability isn’t good enough FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 5 Drugs A drug is any chemical substance you take that affects the way your body works. Most drugs are developed for medical purposes, but… FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 6 …doping means taking drugs to improve sporting performance. It is a growing problem in sport. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 7 Performance-enhancing drugs Anabolic agents are the most commonly used drugs in sport. They mimic testosterone, a male hormone. Examples of this drug include: testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol, boldenone and clenbuterol. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 8 Effects can include: • Increases muscle mass • Develops bone growth • Increases strength, allowing the athlete to train harder • Has a quick effect so there is rapid improvement FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 9 • Increases aggression, so seen as good for competitive contact sports • Prevents muscle wastage • Are an aid to rehabilitation. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 10 Side-effects can include: • Kidney problems • Mood swings • Anxiety • Aggression FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 11 • High blood pressure • Heart attacks • Strokes • Impotence in men • Infertility, deepened voice, increased facial hair and irregular periods in women. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 12 There is also an increased risk of muscle injury and liver disease when anabolic agents are injected into the blood stream. Recent research by the NIDA (National Institute for Drug Abuse) indicates long-term users show signs of addiction. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 13 Winning at all costs: is it worth it? Dwain Chambers suffered a two-year ban for taking anabolic steroids. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 14 Stimulants are the second most commonly used drugs in sports. Examples of these drugs include: amphetamines, ephedrine, cocaine and caffeine. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 15 Effects can include: • Reduces feelings of tiredness so a person can train for longer. • Stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) making people more alert. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 16 Side-effects can include: User becomes irritable and is unable to sleep. • High blood pressure • Irregular and faster heartbeat. Some stimulants, such as amphetamines, are addictive. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 17 Narcotic analgesics are addictive drugs and are usually injected into the blood stream. Examples of these drugs include: heroin, methadone, pethidine, morphine and codeine. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 18 Effects can include: • Reduces the sensation of the central nervous system (CNS) so helps pain relief. • Masks pain so athlete is back from injury sooner. Side-effects can include: • Loss of concentration. • Loss of balance. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 19 Side-effects can include: • Loss of concentration. • Loss of balance. • Loss of coordination making sport dangerous. Using these drugs can make an injury worse. They are also highly addictive. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 20 Diuretics are drugs which increase the rate of water loss from the body. Examples of these drugs include: furosemide, triamterene and chlortalidone. Mannitol is prohibited in sport if intravenously injected. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 21 Effects can include: • Speeds up work of kidneys by producing more urine. This reduces fluid retention, which causes rapid weight loss. • Diuretics are used in sports where there are weight categories. Sportspeople use diuretics to ‘make the weight’. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 22 Side-effects can include: • Dehydration and possibly dizziness. • Muscle cramps. • Headaches, nausea and fatigue. • Kidney illness can develop. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 23 Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues are synthetic substances that copy natural hormones in the body. Examples of these drugs include: Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and erythropoietin (EPO). FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 24 HGH acts like an anabolic steroid. It develops muscle, makes the body use fat and helps reduce tiredness. An athlete who has taken HGH recovers from injury more quickly, as it increases red blood cells. HGH also speeds up training, helping the endurance athlete. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 25 EPO promotes the production of red blood cells and therefore increases the amount of oxygen the blood can transport at any one time. More oxygen is provided to the muscles which allows the athlete to work longer and harder. EPO thickens the blood, inhibiting circulation, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 26 Beta-blockers are used as a relaxant. Examples of this drug include atenolol and nodolol. Some beta-blockers are available on prescription to treat angina and have a similar effect to alcohol. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 27 Their use is subject to certain restrictions in some sports and banned completely in others. Effects can include: • Users maintain a slow heart rate and low blood pressure which is useful in tense situations. • Their calming effect also helps in high-risk sports where speed is involved. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 28 • They steady the hand, which is important to competitors in target sports. However, they can reduce the heart rate so much that there is a danger that the heart may stop. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 29 Masking agents are taken to hide the presence of another drug, which would otherwise disqualify the performer. Examples of this drug include epitestosterone, probenecid and diuretics. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 30 Some masking agents do not appear on the list of banned substances for particular sports, so their presence is legal. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 31 Task 1 If an athlete tests positive for a banned drug, they can face a ban from their sport for at least two years. With a partner, research into current athletes who have been connected to drugs. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 32 Task 2 Copy and complete the following table in your workbook: Substance What do they do? What are the dangers? Examples Stimulants Narcotic analgesics Anabolic steroids FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 33 Task 3 Design an A4 poster with a slogan for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to use in a campaign against drug abuse in sport. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 34 Exam questions 1. What effects would a sportsperson experience in their performance if they used stimulants? 2. Which sportspeople are more likely to use beta-blockers? Provide examples. FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 35 What you have learnt in this topic: 1. What drugs are 2. Why people take them 3. Doping 4. The effects of taking drugs in sport 5. Banned substances FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009 Drugs 36 Learning objectives You should now be able to: •Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport •Describe why sportspeople take drugs •Explain what doping is FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body © Folens 2009