Download Document

Chapter
12
Avoiding Addictions
Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN
Los Altos School District
Addiction And The Dimensions Of Health
Physical
• Increased likelihood of disease, disability and premature death
Emotional
• Depression and Anxiety
• Shame and Guilt
Social
• Withdrawal from others
Intellectual
• Logic and reasoning break down
• Impulses difficult to control
Spiritual and Environmental
• Blocks pursuit of meaning and inner fulfillment
• Behavior can lead to injury and damage
Characteristics Of College Drug Users
Illicit Drug Users
Single, White, Male
Lower GPA
Less likely to report
good physical or mental
health
Sexually active
Less religious values
Inappropriate
Prescription Drug Use
White, male or female
Lower GPA
Less likely to report
good physical or mental
health
Know faculty or
administration
Why Students Don’t Use Drugs
Spirituality and Religion
Academic Engagement
Perceived Harmfulness
Athletics
Why Students Use Drugs
Genetics and
family history
Sexual Identity
Social Influences
and Norms
Race/
Ethnicity
Mental Health
Problems
Substance Use In
Highschool
Parental Attitudes
and Behavior
Positive
Expectations
Often Misused Over-the-Counter Medications
Nasal Spray
Laxatives
Eye Drops
Sleep Aids
Pain Killers
Cough Syrup
Avoid Misuse of OTC Medications By:
Nasal Spray
Avoid using
for several
days in a row
Laxatives
Use fiber
and exercise
instead
Sleep Aids
Pain Killers
Practice sleep
hygiene
Take only
when needed
Eye Drops
Avoid using
for several
days in a row
Cough
Syrup
Many active
ingredients
are ineffective
Prescription Medications
Considerations for taking prescription drugs:
Most common problem – Ask how to
Nontake medication
adherence
Take entire course
Physical and psychological side
Side
effects are possible
Effects
Review information on side effects
OTC and prescription drugs interact
with each other
Drug
Interactions Alcohol interferes with drugs
Read label to check for interactions
Prescription Drug Abuse Is Increasing
Highest nonmedical use of
prescription medication is among
young adults age 18 to 25
Most widely abused medications are
prescription stimulants and pain
killers
Prescription Drug Abuse Carries Danger
High doses:
• Increase addiction risk
Stimulants
• Panic attacks
• Aggressive behavior
• Suicidal or homicidal impulses
Side Effects:
• Increased blood pressure
• Headache
• Cardio-respiratory problems
Prescription Drug Abuse Carries Danger
Addictive
Pain Usually requires medical
Killers detoxification
May require medication and therapy
Types of Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse is broken down into several categories:
Pattern of use resulting in negative
Abuse
consequences or impairment
Pattern of continuing substance
Dependence
use despite symptoms
Taking drug for purpose or person
other than the one intended
Misuse
Not taking recommended dose
Transfer of medication from person
Diversion
it was prescribed to another
Causes of Drug Dependence and Abuse
Biology
Dopamine release from drugs can
change pathways in the brain
Difficulty controlling impulses
Lack of values
Vulnerability
Low self-esteem, powerlessness
Depression
Early
Drug abuse during adolescence
Influences or parent drug use
Cannabis Is Most Widely Abused Substance
Names: Marijuana, pot, hashish, hash
Heightened sensations
Relaxation
Effect
Increased confidence
• Depression
• Impaired fertility
Risks
• Diminished immune responses
• Memory loss, difficulty learning,
psychotic symptoms
Insomnia, restlessness, loss of appetite,
Withdrawal
irritability
Common Names Of Club Drugs
Ecstasy GHB Nitrites GBL
Love drug hug Beans Herbal
X
Georgia home boy
Cloud 9 Liquid
Ecstasy
Herbal bliss XTC G
Grievous bodily harm
Club Drug – Ecstasy
Ecstasy, E, XTC, X, hug, beans, love drug
Effect
Risks
Mood elevator
Relaxed, euphoric state
Enhance sensory experience
• Psychological difficulties
• Death of young, healthy 16-24 year old
• Hyperthermia, severe dehydration
• Dangerous increase in blood pressure
• Stroke and heart attack
• Risk to developing fetus
Club Drug – GHB and GBL
GHB, G, Georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm,
liquid ecstasy
Sedative while producing euphoria
Effect
Heightened sexuality
• Amnesia (‘date rape’ drug)
• Pass out and fall into coma or die
• Hallucinations
Risks
• Decreased heart rate
• Convulsions
• Addictive
Club Drug – Nitrites
Amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrite
Effect
Risks
Feeling of high with slowed sense of time
Intensified sexual experience
Carefree sense of well-being
• Headache
• Drop in blood pressure
• Changes in heart rate
• Increased pressure in eyes
• Skin flushing
• Chronic use: chemical burn, skin lesion
Club Drug – Herbal Ecstasy
Herbal bliss, cloud 9, herbal X
Effect
Risks
Feeling of high with slowed sense of time
Intensified sexual experience
Carefree sense of well-being
• Stroke
• Heart attack
• Disfiguring skin condition
• Large variation in ingredients because
sold as herbal alternative
Stimulant Drugs– Cocaine
Coke,
snow,
lady,12.4
crack
INSERT
FIGURE
pg 411: Some effects of
cocaine on theSoaring
body. Center
on page
well-being
Boundless energy
Effect
Feel enormous physical and mental
ability
Risks
See next slide
Depression and fatigue
Vivid and disturbing dreams
Withdrawal
Anxiety and irritability
Increased appetite
Cocaine’s Effect On The Body
Stimulant Drugs– Khat
INSERT
FIGURE
pg 411: Some
Kat, catha,
chat,12.4
abyssinian
tea effects of
cocaine on the body. Center on page
Effect
Risks
Reduces appetite
Alleviates fatigue
Compulsive use creates:
• Manic behavior
• Grandiose illusions
• Paranoia
• Hallucinations
Depressant Drugs - Benzodiazepines
Librium, diazepam, Serax, Ativan, Dalmane, Xanax
Tension relief
Effect
Loosening of sexual or aggressive
inhibitions
Dependence develops in 2-4 weeks
Cross-tolerance
Risks
Impaired judgment and aggression
Withdrawal From Benzodiazepines
Malaise or weakness
Sweating and rapid pulse
Tremors
Nausea or vomiting
Withdrawal
Insomnia
Temporary hallucinations
Anxiety or irritability
Grand Mal seizures
Depressant Drugs - Opiods
Morphine, codeine, heroin (horse, junk, smack,
downtown)
Relaxation
Effect
Pain relief
Rapid development of dependence
Lethargy and weight loss
Loss of sexual drive
Anxiety
Risks
Insomnia
Restlessness
Craving for drug
Depressant Drugs - Opiods
Irritability, nausea, vomiting
Muscle aches
Runny nose or eyes
Dilated pupils
Withdrawal Sweating
Diarrhea
Yawning
Fever
Insomnia
Hallucinogens – LSD
Acid, lysergic acid diethylamide, peyote
Effect
Vivid and unusual changes in
thought, feeling and perceptions
Does not create dependence, can
Withdrawal
be stopped at any time
Dissociative Drugs– Ketamine
K, Special-K, vitamin K
Hallucinations
Effect
Distorted perceptions of time and space
Date-rape drug
Impaired attention and memory
Potentially deadly breathing problems
Risks
Paranoia
Single use can produce long-term
memory loss and ‘flashbacks’
Dissociative Drugs– PCP
Phencyclidine, Sernyl, angel dust, peace pill, lovely,
green
Utterly unpredictable
• hallucinations or euphoria
• emptiness or numbness
Effect
• violent behavior
• irreversible psychosis
Suicide
Permanent psychosis after only one use
Risks
Stupor that lasts days
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Dissociative Drugs– Salvia
Effect
Hallucinations
Psychotomimetic episodes
Greatly altered perception of reality
and self
Risks
DEA lists it as a drug with high
potential for abuse
Inhalants – A Risk For Young People
Only alcohol is more widely used than inhalants
Slightly stimulated
Effect
Less inhibited
Interference with thinking and impulse
control
Irritation of throat, lungs and nose
Nausea and headache
Risks
Tolerance occurs
Suffocation
Cardiac arrhythmia