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The Integumentary System Integumentary System • Hair • Skin • Nails Functions of Integumentary System • Functions – Protective barrier against infection and injury – Regulates body temperature • Evaporation of sweat from surface of body cools us off – Removes waste products • Sweat contains water, electrolytes, and wastes – Protection from ultraviolet radiation – Sensory Organ • Pressure • Heat and Cold • Pain Structure of the Skin • The skin is made of several layers – Epidermis – Dermis – Hypodermis Structure of the Skin Epidermis • The epidermis is the top layer of the skin • The epidermis contains 2 layers – Top layer is flattened dead cells – Bottom layer is made of living cells • These cells divide rapidly pushing upward • Cells produce Melanin and Keratin – Melanin is a protein pigment that helps protect us from sun and gives us our color – Keratin is a tough fibrous protein that gives skin its strength Structure of the Skin Dermis • The Dermis is the inner layer of the skin – Lies beneath epidermis • The dermis contains collagen fibers (elasticity, blood vessels, nerve endings & sensory receptors, smooth muscles, and hair follicles an two types of glands – Sudoriferous glands = sweat glands – Sebaceous glands = oil glands • Makes skin flexible and waterproof Structure of the Skin Hypodermis • Lies beneath Epidermis and Dermis • Contains Adipose (Fat) and ConnectiveTissues that help insulate the body and hold the skin in place Hair • Hair gives protections from sun and provides insulation from cold • Hair is produced by tubelike structures called the hair follicles – Hair follicles produce shaft which is filled with keratin and melanin (strength and color) – Hair follicles are in close contact with sebaceous or oil glands • Natural conditioner – Many waste products including drug metabolites are released in hair shaft as well Nails • Nails grow from rapidly dividing cells known as the nail root – Keratin producing cells create tough platelike structure of the nail • Protects nerve ends and sensory receptors in fingertips • Nails grow at an average of 3mm per months Skin Cancer • Skin Cancer is abnormal growth of skin cells • Caused by overexposure to UV radiation from sunlight – Some People are more likely to get skin cancer • Genetics/skin complexion • Protect Yourself – Sunblock, hats, self checks, doc checks ect..
