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Towards Green Economy (GE) & Green Growth (GG)
EEA/Scientific Committee Workshop: 5 October 2011; EEA, Copenhagen
Presentation-6: Measuring Progress of the Green Economy
Ecosystem Capital Accounts for
Measuring Progress
Towards Green Economy & Green Growth
Jean-Louis Weber
Special Adviser on Economic-Environmental Accounting
European Environment Agency
[email protected]
Towards Green Economy (GE) & Green Growth (GG)
EEA/Scientific Committee Workshop: 5 October 2011; EEA, Copenhagen
Presentation-6: Measuring Progress of the Green Economy
• 1. How can ecosystem accounting help on measuring progress?
• 2. Why a simplified approach?
• 3. What are the most relevant indicators that can be derived from
the accounts?
• 4. How can we make the links between ecosystem capital and
ecosystem services?
• 5. How to relate back to the system of national accounts and GDP?
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Recurrent demands for improved economic indicators and aggregates
• Historical pioneer “green accounting” projects: Norway, Canada, France, Philippines,
Indonesia, the Netherlands, Spain…
• Rio1992, Agenda 21
• UN SEEA1993 to “adjust” the UN System of National Accounts. SEEA revised in 2003
• New SEEA revision by2012/13, including now a special volume on ecosystem accounts
and valuation
• Recent initiatives:
–
–
–
–
Beyond GDP Conference 2008
Potsdam 2008 G8+5 initiative and TEEB
Stiglitz/ Sen/ Fitoussi report on the measurement of economic performance 2009
New CBD Aishi-Nagoya Strategy 2010: demand for the inclusion of biodiversity and
ecosystem value into national accounts
– World Bank’s WAVES Global Partnership for “Green Accounting” and Ecosystem Valuation
– References to environmental accounts for measuring progress in Green Economy, Green
Growth, Resource Efficiency…
• Initiative(s) in preparation for Rio+20
• In Europe, new Regulation on Environmental Accounts: Eurostat (the economyenvironment interface) and the EEA (ecosystem capital accounts)
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
UN manual for environmental-economic accounting: SEEA2003
Enlargement of the System of National Accounts
Revision  SEEA2012/13
Impacts on ecosystem capacity of
Natural resources
Ecosystems
delivering
services/benefits
Economic
Non-economic
assets (SNA)
assets
Opening
stocks
SNA
transactions 
and other
flows
Changes in
stocks
Closing stocks
Opening stocks
Opening
Volume
2
State
Volume 1
The SNA satelliteEconomic
Ecosystem capital
Changes for theactivities,
Changes
accounts
accounts

in stocks
natural
in state
environment processes,
expenditure, taxes,
hybrid accounts,
physical flows,
Closing
sub-soil,
energy, water, land,
stocks
economic assets depletion
Ecosystem stocks and
quality, ecosystem services,
benefits and maintenance
Closing
costs…
etc.
state
Described in SNA
Negative feedbacks of ecosystem
degradation on production and wellbeing
RM HASSAN - UN The System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (UN 2003) RANESA Workshop June 12-16, 2005 Maputo
Accounting for the performance(s) of 2 co-evolving systems:
resources, productivity and health
Economic system
Economy performance
Fossil energy
& materials
Biomass/carbon
Ecosystem
Water
Economic growth
Use of
natural
resources
Land functional
services
Products
&
economic
assets
Trade
Value-added, income, profit…
Consumption
Investment
Wealth (non-financial and
financial assets)
Economic health
(net savings, assets and debt
quality, accountability, prices,
well-being, knowledge)
Ecosystem potential
(capacity to deliver services)
Ecosystem productivity
Flows
Accumulation
Stocks
Ecosystem health
(biodiversity, integrity, resilience,
interdependence)
Capital
maintenance
(to remediate
degradation)
The narrative behind Ecosystem Capital Accounts:
1- Ecosystems deliver altogether multiple services
Source: Gilbert Long, 1972
A propos du diagnostic écologique appliqué au milieu de vie de l'homme.
Options Méditerranéennes, 13 , CHIEAM, Montpellier, Juin 1972
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
The narrative behind Ecosystem Capital Accounts:
2- Only a surplus is accessible for human use
Ecoproduct (of cycling and reproductive systems/ capital) are
produced by means of other ecoproducts. The ecosystem
production function includes a surplus ecoproduct that can be
used by the economy. (from Anthony Friend 2004)
Non-basic ecoproduct
Surplus accessible for
harvest/abstraction
Basic ecoproduct
Sources: Kling/U Michigan_2005 & Friend/ISEE_2004
Necessary for
ecosystem reproduction
(conservation of
ecosystem health,
integrity, functions &
services)
Economy
The narrative behind Ecosystem Capital Accounts:
2- Only a surplus is accessible for human use
Challenge = maximise yields while maintaining
natural functions and biodiversity
Possible compensation = artificial input (irrigation, energy,
fertilizers, infrastructures…)
Non-basic ecoproduct
Surplus accessible for
harvest/abstraction
Non-sustainable
harvest/abstraction
Basic ecoproduct
Sources: Kling/U Michigan_2005 & Friend/ISEE_2004
Necessary for
ecosystem reproduction
(conservation of
ecosystem health,
integrity, functions &
services)
Economy
Natural resource: availability, appropriation, accessibility
• Available resource: the total resource (actual stocks and flows) which can be used
in principle (but should to be shared between economy and nature…).
• Appropriated resource: the share of the total potential resource flows (flows
which would be available in an ecosystem in the absence of human activities or
flows from managed ecosystems) which is used (abstracted, harvested or
destroyed during harvest). N.B.: Once used, the resource is considered as
appropriated in total, even though one part is returned to the ecosystem.
• Accessible resource: the surplus (actual stocks and flows) which can be used
considering 1) physical constraints (timeliness and location, cyclical risks, biochemical quality) & 2) the amount to be left to nature for ecosystem
reproduction. N.B.: When returned to the ecosystem (leftovers in agriculture or
forestry, water returns…) the resource destroyed or modified during the production
process becomes accessible again.
Ecosystem capital accounts refer to accessible resource and intensity of use.
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Accessible resource: carbon/biomass, freshwater, functional services
Accessible resource =
Stocks (soil, forests, aquifers, reservoirs, landscapes…)
Plus/minus change in stocks (from the previous year)
Minus inaccessible stocks
Physical inaccessibility (deep aquifers …)
Inappropriate quality (salted or polluted water, non arable land…)
Plus flows (NPP, effective rainfall…)
Minus inaccessible flows
Physical inaccessibility (most of flood water, distance, non transportable
resource, timeliness issues, water evaporated by irrigation…)
Inappropriate quality (polluted water)
Maintenance of stocks (soil carbon, forests, aquifer level, dilution of
pollutants in rivers…)
Plus/minus adjustment for stress, risk
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Example of accessible water adjustment: occurrence of soil water stress
Number of days when no water was available for plants in 2001, 1 km^2 grid
Source: Blaz Kurnik, EEA, 2011
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
The narrative behind Ecosystem Capital Accounts:
3 – Ecosystem capital produces altogether 3 broad types of services
between which there is no compensation nor tradeoff:
biomass/carbon AND freshwater AND functional services. Ecosystem
capital potential (& degradation) can be measured by combining
measurements of these 3 broad services (accessible resources).
Accessible
carbon
surplus
Total
Ecosystem
Capital
Potential
Accessible
& ecosystem
functional
Ecosystem Capital
services
Degradation
Accessible
water surplus
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Ecosystem Capital
Depreciation (€)
The narrative behind Ecosystem Capital Accounts:
4 – The simplified ecosystem
Non-paid costs needed
capital accounting circuit
to remediate ecosystem
degradation (€)
Ecosystem degraded
by over-use (j)
Healthy ecosystem deliver
services to the economy
&
to the public well-being
j
National
Income,
 Adjusted
capital
consumption
Final
demand at full priceat
Final
Consumption
Adjusted net domestic product (or
Purchasers’
price
net national income)
ES based economic
benefits (€)
j
j
Ecosystem assets/capital (j)
Jean-Louis Weber
Adjusted macro
GDP, economic
aggregates
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
ES based economic
benefits (€)
ES based economic benefits (€)
Economic system
(including natural assets &
ecosystem services (j and
€)
Estimation of ecosystem capital depreciation: 2 possible ways
Assets j
t1
j
t2
Flows
j j
(-)
Physical accounts
of E-services
Calculation
of unit
costs
Valuation of E-services
€
€
NPV & addition
Assets €
j
Account of
pressures
responsible of
degradation
j
Valuation of E-services
NPV & addition
(-)
t2 - t1
Jean-Louis Weber
Degradation of ecosystem capital
Physical accounts
of E-services
j
€
t2 - t1
€
€
€
Estimation of ecosystem
capital depreciation…
…based on
remediation costs
…based on
assets values
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Assessment of
remediation
costs by
issues
&
€
addition
From theory to statistics and accounts
Theoretical background (very incomplete…):
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Georgescu-Roegen (The Entropy Law and the Economic Process (1971),
Odum (emergy)
Resource depletion: Hotelling, El Serafy
System approach : Joel de Rosnay (The macroscope, 1975)
Dissipative structures: Prigogine (The New Alliance, 1986)
L'économique et le vivant: René Passet (1977)
Natural resource economy: Naredo (1987)
Urban metabolism: Duvignaud
Global biotic regulation: Gorshkov
Co-evolving systems: Norgaard
Ecosystem services: Long (1972), Costanza and De Groot, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
(2003)
Interaction between scales: Hollin (“panarchy”)
Landscape ecology (UK)
Ecosystem units: socio-ecological systems (Gallopin, Carpenter, Rockström, MA2003…)
Ecosystem health (D. J. Rapport), resilience (the Resilience Alliance)
 from economic-ecological theory to statistical practice and accounts :
statistical units and classifications
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
From economic-ecological theory to statistical practice and accounts
statistical units
& classifications
Source: Joel de Rosnay, The Macroscope
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MACRBOOK.html
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Main relations between
classifications & statistical
units in the revised SEEA
Ecosystems:
Socio-ecological landscape units (SELU)
(terrestrial, marine & atmospheric)
Land Cover:
biophysical land units
Monetary Statistics
of Products
Land Functions & Ecosystem Services
(from UNCEEA 2009 – EEA & FAO)
Physical Statistics
of Products
Land Use:
productive land
functions
Institutional &
Production Units
Land Ownership
(sectors & industries)
(private & public)
SNA & SEEA: economic and ecosystem assets
x
O
N
Adapted from Ivo Havinga and Daniel Clarke, 2011
x
O
O
O
N
explicitly recorded as economic asset
partly or indirectly recorded as economic asset
not recorded, externality
x
x
O
O
O
N
x
O
x
O
O
N
Intangible assets
(contracts,
licences…)
Mineral and energy
reserves
Land
Other products
Inventories
Cultivated biological
resources
O
O
N
x
O
Water and other
natural resources
O
x
x
x
Noncultivated
biological resources
x
Machinery and
equipment
Assets hold by ecosystem units
(forests, agro-systems,
wetlands…)
Land
Land cover systems
Biomass/carbon
Water
Biodiversity
Self regulating capacity
Health, overall regenerative capacity
Dwellings & other
buildings and
structures
Assets hold by economic units (enterprises, government bodies, households…)
Produced assets
Non produced assets
O
Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services
(draft EEA, UNEP & UNSD)
Theme
Class
Group
Terrestrial plant and animal foodstuffs
Nutrition
Freshwater plant and animal foodstuffs
Marine plant and animal foodstuffs
Potable water
Provisioning
Materials
Energy
Regulation of wastes
Biotic materials
Abiotic materials
Renewable biofuels
Renewable abiotic energy sources
Bioremediation
Dilution and sequestration
Air flow regulation
Flow regulation
Water flow regulation
Mass flow regulation
Regulation and Maintenance
Atmospheric regulation
Regulation of physical environment
Water quality regulation
Pedogenesis and soil quality regulation
Lifecycle maintenance & habitat protection
Regulation of biotic environment
Pest and disease control
Gene pool protection
Symbolic
Cultural
Intellectual and Experiential
Aesthetic, Heritage
Religious and spiritual
Recreation and community activities
Information & knowledge
CICES: Table E.2: Proposed Thematic, Class and Group Structure – source: EEA & Roy Haines-Young, Presented at UNCEEA 2010
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Land cover classification based on FAO LCCS3
Land Cover Types (SEEA vol. 1)
Code Title
01
Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas)
01.a
Artificial surfaces from 10 to 50 %
01.b
Artificial surfaces from 51 to 100 %
02
Herbaceous crops
02.a
Small size fields of herbaceous crops rainfed
02.b
Small size fields of herbaceous crops irrigated or aquatic (rice)
02.c
Medium to large fields of herbaceous crops rainfed
02.d
Medium to large fields of herbaceous crops irrigated or aquatic (rice)
03
Woody crops
03.a
Small size fields of woody crops
03.b
Medium to large fields of woody crops
04
Multiple or layered crops
05
Grassland
05.a
Natural grassland
05.b
Improved grassland
06
Tree covered area
06.a
Tree covered area from 10 to 30-40 %
06.b
Tree covered area from 30-40 to 70 %
06.c
Tree covered area from 70 to 100 %
07
Mangroves
08
Shrub covered area
08.a
Shrub covered area from 10 to 60 % (open)
08.b
Shrub covered area from 60 to 100 % (closed)
09
Shrubs and/or herbaceous vegetation aquatic or regularly flooded
09.a
From 2 to 4 months
09.b
More than 4 months
10
Sparsely natural vegetated areas
11
Terrestrial barren land
11.a
Loose and shifting sand and/or dunes
11.b
Bare soil, gravels and rocks
12
Permanent snow and glaciers
13
Inland water bodies
14
Coastal water bodies and inter-tidal areas
14.a
Coastal water bodies (lagoons and/or estuaries)
14.b
Inter-tidal areas (coastal flats and coral reefs)
Source: FAO (DiGregorio and Ramaschielo)
& EEA (Steenmans & Weber) 2011
Jean-Louis Weber
and derived Land Cover Functional Units
(SEEA vol.2)
zoning
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Urban and associated developed areas
Medium to large fields rainfed herbaceous cropland
Medium to large fields irrigated herbaceous cropland
Permanent crops, agriculture plantations
Agriculture associations and mosaics
Pastures and natural grassland
Forest tree cover
Shrubland, bushland, heathland
Sparsely vegetated areas
Natural vegetation associations and mosaics
Barren land
Permanent snow and glaciers
Open wetlands
Inland water bodies
Coastal water bodies
Sea (pro memory)
provisional
sampling,
EEA Scientific questionnaires
Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Ecosystem accounting and statistical units (continued)
SNA’s statistical units don’t record ecosystem
degradation  need for other units…
Theoretical units vs. observation units (proxies
for collecting data)
• Theoretical units: characteristic systems into
which natural and socioeconomic elements
interact to transform ecosystem functions
into goods and services:
– Functional units producing elementary
services
– “Socio-ecological systems”, “socio
ecosystems” or “Socio-ecological production
landscapes” (the Japanese satoyama and
satoumi)

• Observation units:
– For which we can collect data in a systematic
way
– Mostly surface units: “geo-systems”, land
cover units, functional administrative units,
ownership units…
Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment, 2010.
Satoyama-Satoumi Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Socio-ecological
Production Landscapes of Japan – Summary for Decision Makers.
United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan.
Ecosystem statistical units for land: LCFU and SELU
Land cover functional units (LCFU) &
Socio-ecological landscape units (SELU)
ZOOM: SELU in Central Europe
ZOOM: Land cover functional units by SELU
Ecosystem-Economy integrated accounts
Economy
Ecosystems
PHYSICAL BALANCES
Stock
Natural production
USE OF ECOSYSTEM RESOURCE
Extraction/ harvesting
Extraction/ harvesting
Returns/ Formation (sectors)
Returns/ Formation
Final Consumption (sectors)
Final Consumption
Natural consumption
Storage/Accumulation
USE OF FOSSIL RESOURCE
…
EMISSIONS, RESIDUALS
Stock
QUALITY/HEALTH INDEXES
Vigour
Stability, integrity
Resilience
LINKAGE TABLES
From resource
From fossil resource
EXPENDITURES
Taxes, voluntary payments
To land accounts
To water accounts
Actual
To biodiversity indexes
Virtual (embedded)
SEEA Part 2
Jean-Louis Weber
IMPORTS-EXPORTS
SEEA Part 1
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Analytical and
reporting units,
classifications
Tables by Ecosystem Units
The draft framework
Countries and biophysical geographical breakdowns or
administrative regions
Tables by Economic Units

Countries and administrative regions or biophysical
geographical breakdowns
Ecosystem statistical and accouting units:
socio-ecological landscape units, elementary functional units

(land cover, river reaches…), ecosystem assets, ecosystem
service units
Economic statistical and accouting units:
institutional units, establishments, economic assets,
commodities
[A] Land cover stocks and flows basic account :
Gross and Net Land Cover Change

Land use statistics

Physical supply and use tables & economic assets accounts. Agriculture,
forestry & fishery statistics
[B] Ecosystem Capital Carbon/biomass Account:
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance (NECB)
& Net Ecosystem Accessible Carbon Surplus (NEACS)
Basic accounts
Basic accounts
[C] Ecosystem Capital Water Account:
Total Ecosystem Accessible Fresh Water (TEAW)
& Net Ecosystem Accessible Fresh Water Surplus (NEAWS)

Physical supply and use tables & economic assets accounts.
use statistics
Water
[D] Landscape green infrastructure accounts :
Landscape Ecosystem Potential (LEP),
Green Accessible Landscape Infrastructure (GALI)
& Rivers Ecosystem Potential (REP)
[E] Ecosystem Capital Biodiversity Account:
Synthesis tables in
physical units
Ecosystem Total
Potential
Biodiversity Infrastructure Integrity (BII)
& Ecosystem's Biodiversity Rating (EBR)
[F1] Ecosystem Total Potential Account, Net Change &
Ecosystem Capital Degradation (ECD),
in Ecosystem Potential Unit Equivalents (EPUE)
[F2] Account of Territorial Ecosystem Capital Degradation
(TECD) by Stress Factors (in EPUE)

Polluting emissions and waste generation by sectors
Agriculture, forestry & forestry statistics, Land use accounts
[G] Demand and Accessibility to Ecosystem Services :
Ecosystem Carbon/biomass per capita,
Ecosystem Fresh Water per capita,
Green Infrastructure Neighbourhood Ecosystem Services (GINES)
Ecosystem
Depreciation
[H] Ecosystem Physical Balance Sheet: Stocks and Change of Physical Assets & Physical Liabilities, in EPUE
Monetary accounts
[I] Estimation of unit costs of ecosystem capital restoration by

Stress Factors
Environmental protection and management expenditure (part)
[J] Ecosystem Capital Depreciation:
Territorial Consumption of Ecosystem Capital in money
[K] Account of Ecosystem Capital Degradation & Depreciation
Embedded into Imports and Exports,
in EPUE & in money
[L] Account of Macro-economic Benefits induced by Sustainable Ecosystem Services :
Degradation-Adjusted Total Induced Value Added (by SELU & ISIC)
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
[M] Economic aggregates and additional adjustments for CEC,
in money: Gross Domestic Consumption of Ecosystem Capital
(GDCEC), GDCEC Adjusted Net Domestic Product, Final
Consumption at Full Price (including GDCEC)
[N] Ecosystem Financial Balance Sheet: Change of Financial Assets and Stocks and Change of Financial Liabilities
Jean-Louis Weber 22 September 2011
The basic accounts
by ecosystem units
Jean-Louis Weber
by economic sectors
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
The synthesis tables
by ecosystem units
Jean-Louis Weber
by economic sectors
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
The monetary accounts
by ecosystem units
by economic sectors
N
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
About ecological debts…
Bertrand de Jouvenel 1968: “Because National Accounts are based on financial transactions, they account nothing for
Nature, to which we don’t owe anything in terms of payments but to which we owe everything in terms of livelihood.”
•
•
•
•
•
•
Territorial CEC is a debt to national future generations, it is not transferable
CEC Embedded into imports and exports are both debts and should not be consolidated
Gross Domestic CEC = Territorial CEC + Imported CEC [meaning: CEC of Production]
Net Domestic CEC = Gross Domestic CEC – Exported CEC [meaning: CEC of Final Consumption]
Physical Debts and Monetary Debts are recorded separately
Consolidation rules for debts:
– Physical debts are not transferable
– When created by physical debts, monetary debts are not mechanically extinguished by repayment but
by the extinction (remediation) of the physical debt itself;
– Because physical ecosystem capital assets are not valued, monetary debts cannot be consolidated with
monetary ecosystem non-financial assets;
– Monetary debts can be consolidated with financial ecosystem capital assets in the context of
international mitigation systems if they include initial allocations of (non transferable) ecosystem
capital rights and/or recording systems for ecosystem improvement and consolidation rules.
– The physical counterparts (units: Ecosystem Potential Unit-Equivalents) of approved allocations and
improvement s are not transferable. However they can be leased to ecological debtors (countries,
business…)
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Simplified ecosystem capital accounts in Europe
• Make it feasible NOW – keep it simple
• Don’t miss important issues: need a good checklist
• All ecosystems: land/sea/atmosphere, and for land: urban,
agriculture, forest, other natural and soil.
• 6 accounts/indexes for 1 diagnosis:
– 1-Biomass-Carbon // 2-Water // 3-Land-landscape // 4-Biodiversity // 5Dependency // 6-Disease prevalence
– Diagnosis (instead of mere additions) and quantification: the “ecosystem
distress syndrome” approach combined with basic balances…
• Physical accounts first, followed by valuation of selected flows and
of ecosystem depreciation (on the basis of physical degradation
and restoration costs – no valuation of stocks)
• Annual accounts (t-1 and time series) to meet the policy agenda
• For EU27…
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Tiered approach to ecosystem capital accounting
Scales
Methodologies
Global scale:
International Conventions
monitoring
Simplified accounts
International comparisons
Markets framing & regulation
National & regional
government:
Ministries of economy,
Environmental agencies,
Strategic planning,
Statistical offices,
Courts
SEEA 2012/13
Framework
Action level:
Local scale, management,
Site level, case studies,
Projects,
Business
Accounting guidelines,
norms
Expected outcomes
Global trade of ecosystem permits
Programmes assessment (e.g.
REDD+)
International financial standards (for
loans, SDR…)
Contribution to international
organisations
Beyond GDP Accounting
Measurement of progress towards
Green Economy/ Green Growth/
Sustainable Development/
Resource efficiency
Sector accounts
Green taxes
Impacts assessments, costs &
benefits
Local government, Agencies
assessment
Corporate accounting results, rating,
trade
Markets of specific ecosystem
services, PES
Total ecosystem capital potential & change
t0
t1
Degradation
Improvement
Ecosystem physical degradation,
sustainable benefits from ecosystem services
and non-paid maintenance costs
Consumption
of ecosystem
capital (nonpaid costs)
Degradation
Mean
restoration
prices
Economic statistics
& national
accounts
Sustainable
benefits
(Value
Added
(income
from from
key
key
ecosystem
ecosystem
services)
Sustainable
use
coefficients
Improvement
DMI Carbon
Conventional DMI/DMC
Fossil energy
Biomass/ carbon
DMI
Sand/
gravel
Sand, gravel…
DMI/ other
Metals,chemicals
DMI
Water
Water
Atmosphere/
carbon assimilation
Integrated
Carbon
Accounts
Sea/fisheries
Biomass/
carbon
Land/ Landscape
Biodiversity
Integrated
water
accounts
1st decoupling: from
material/energy inputs
Jean-Louis Weber
Sea/ carbon assimilation
Freshwater
Inland Ecosystems
Total Material Input
Integration of resource efficiency indicators, ecosystem capital accounts
& national accounts
2nd decoupling: from
environmental impacts
GDP
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
– or +
Transfers with the Rest of World
=
Gross National Income (GNI)
_
Consumption of Fixed Capital
=
National Income (NI or NNP)
--
Depletion of subsoil assets
Adjustment of National Accounts
from
Consumption of Ecosystem Capital

• Adjusted Net Domestic Product
// Adjusted Net National Income
• Final Consumption at Full Price
--
Final
Consumption
at Purchaser’s
Price
+
Consumption of (domestic)
ecosystem capital
+
Consumption of
ecosystem capital
embedded in Imports
(minus in Exports)
=
Adjsuted Net Domestic Product
// Adjusted Net National Income
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
=
Final
Consumption at
Full Price of
Commodities
Is there a Green Multiplier for Green Growth/Green Economy?
or
Progress must be measured anyway…
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Key Indicators and Aggregates from Ecosystem Capital Accounts
• Net Ecosystem Accessible Carbon Surplus (Use/NEACS reflects intensity of use;
it integrates resource efficiency and ecosystem)
• Net Ecosystem Accessible Fresh Water Surplus
• Green Accessible Landscape Infrastructure (and demand of services in the
Neighbourhood of human settlement (GINES))
• Net Total Ecosystem Capital Potential and Ecosystem Capital Degradation
(integrates accessible carbon, water and landscape and biodiversity rating ;
ECD is decomposed by stress factors basis to calculate Consumption of
Ecosystem Capital in €)
• Final Consumption at Full Price (the full cost of commodities in € integrates
purchasers’ prices and non-paid domestic consumption of ecosystem capital
(CEC), and relates to unfair trade and ecological debts)
• Imports at Full Price (total of imports at CIF price and Ecosystem capital
depreciation virtually embedded into imports)
• GDCEC Adjusted Net Domestic Product (or/and Net National Income, or/and Net
Savings) (complete adjustment of Net Product, Net Income or Savings includes in
addition the depletion of subsoil resource.
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011
Thank you!
Jean-Louis Weber
[email protected]
[email protected]
Jean-Louis Weber
EEA Scientific Committee Workshop 5 October 2011