Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
European Union By: Joel Ahrendsen & Jodi Calvert Outline • • • • • • • History Government Funding Expenditures Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) Trading Global Economy History • European Coal and Steel Community • European Economic Community • European Atomic Energy Community Three eventually came to be called European Communities History Cont. • Euro adopted in 2002 • Member States – Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom Government • Commission – Executive Branch – 27 members – Represent EU above own country – Legislative initiative power – President elected for five year terms • The president is part of the 27 Government Cont. • Council – Legislative Branch (with Parliament) – Holds budgeting power – 27 ministers for each topic in the EU • i.e. each member state as an agriculture minister. – Have a six month rotating Presidency • President is allowed to set the agenda during his or her term Government Cont. • Parliament – Only directly elected institution in the EU – Makes up Legislative Branch (with Council) • Over powered by council if not using co-decisions – 785 members - Represent Country before EU – Partied System, two main parties • European Democrats and European Socialists – 22 committees Funding • Traditional Tax – Generated Primarily through imports into member states. – If a state does not meet the requirement, remaining states must cover the loss. • Value Added Tax (VAT) – Tax to EU citizens – Rate capped at 50% of countries Gross Income Funding Cont. • Gross National Income (GNI) – Largest source of EU funds – Rate is capped at 1.24% of GNI for the EU as a whole • Other – Interest – Surpluses – Roughly 1% Contributions & Expenditures % Contribution to the EU Other 27% % Expenditures from EU Germany, 12.60% Germany 20% France 18% Italy, 11.20% K, U Spain 10% France, 13.90% Other, 40.60% % Spain, 13.20% 50 Italy 14% 8. UK 11% Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) • • • • • Origin 1962 Helped struggling war countries Unified Market Internal Market vs. Foreign Products Financing Ag Programs Reforms • 1993 – Direct Payments • 2000 – Decreased Payments for New Countries • 2003 – Payments based on commodities pu b um pr u Cy It a ly lic De nm ar k Ge rm an y Es to nia Gr ee ce Sp ain Fr an ce Ire lan d Re lgi s La tv ia Lit hu an Lu ia xe m bo ur g Hu ng ar y M alt Ne a th er lan ds Au str ia Po lan d Po rtu ga l Sl ov en ia Sl ov ak ia Fi nla nd Sw Un ed ite en d Ki Eu ng do ro pe m an Un ion Cz ec h Be Percentage (%) Agriculture's Share (%) of Gross Domestic Product 2005 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Countries Commodity Payments • Tariffs and export subsidies • Supply Limits/Quotas – Dairy & sugar • Price levels • Single farm payments – Tobacco, cotton, & olive oil Main EU Agricultural Production 2005 Cereal 17% Other 16% Oilseeds 2% Olive Oil 2% Eggs & Poultry 6% Cattle, pigs, sheep, & goats 22% Dairy Products 16% Fresh Fruits 4% Fresh Vegetables 8% Wine 5% Potatoes 2% Food Safety • Country of Origin – BSE • Organic – Pass Inspection – Labeled Properly (vendor, inspection, producer, & preparer) Food Safety Strategies • Provide consumers with information of where the products came • Provide scientific devices to the public through research • Food and animal feed rules • Be able to enforce these rules and control processes Environment • Voluntary • Programs – creating ponds – planting trees – reducing inputs – no tilling acres – using conventional farming practices. • GMO's Rural Development • Education about new farming techniques • Assist retiring farmers • Assist beginning farmers • Assist in environmental and animal welfare standards • Update buildings and machinery • Developing home food processing facilities Rural Development Cont. • Improving food quality and marketing • Develop farming in mountainous areas and other areas not in farming • Encourage tourism • Protect heritage and customs • Develop strategies by local action groups Trading • 2nd Leading Exporter • 1st Importer • Trade with developing countries • No tariffs or border controls in EU • Single Currency EU Exports Meat 6% Dairy products 8% Fresh Fruits & Vegetables 5% Preparations of fruit & vegetables 4% Flowers & plants 2% Other 41% Cereals, milling products, & starches 5% Sugar & covectionery 3% Beverages, spirits, & vinegar 22% Fats & oil 4% EU Imports Meat 5% Oilseeds 8% Other 36% Edible fruits 18% Cofee, tea, & spices 7% Cocoa & cocoa preparations 5% Beverages, spirits, & vinegar 6% Cereals, milling products, & starches Preparation of 3% fruit & vegetables Fats & Oils 6% 6% Impacts of CAP • Increased Production • Provided incentives for farmers • More people willing to invest in agriculture Economy • All countries in the EU are recognized as a single market under the WTO. – Free movement of goods, capital, people and service • Generates U.S. equivalent of $17.6 trillion – ~31% of the world's total economic output Unemployment GDP (Euros) 10.0% 2000000 1000000 UK France 1500000 Italy Spain 500000 0 1 GDP per Capita (Euros) 1 Public Debt (% of GDP) 120.0% UK 0.0% 1 Spain, 48.9% 1 UK, 41.6% 20.0% France, 65.6% 40.0% Germany, 66.0% Italy EU 60.0% EU, 60.4% Spain Italy, 105.8% 100.0% 80.0% France Germany 30,000 29,000 28,000 27,000 26,000 25,000 24,000 23,000 22,000 Germany 0.0% Spain, 8.0% 2.0% UK, 5.4% Italy, 6.1% 4.0% France, 8.6% Germany, 8.8% 6.0% EU, 7.9% 8.0% 2500000 Issues • Integration – Loss of Country identity – Conflict between EU and National interests • Enlargement – Is it growing too fast? – Can the EU support and control more countries? Irgendeine Fragen? Dank für Zuhören