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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
Session 3
Presentation of the analytical work on post primary education
Youth Employment and the World of Work:
What Skills Need to be Developed?
Presenters: Hans Krönner, Richard Walther
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
The Economic and Social Realities
 Largely informal economy, enterprises
and jobs
 Mostly rural population and activities
 High demand for adaptation
to an increasingly global market
 Strong need for quality, entrepreneurship
and added value
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
The Economic and Social Realities
Country
Share of informal sector jobs
South Africa
31%
(all sectors)
Angola
66%
(urban sector)
Benin
95%
(all sectors)
Cameroon
90.4% (all sectors)
Ethiopia
90.8% (all sectors)
Morocco
39%
Senegal
77.5% (Dakar, urban sector)
(urban sector)
Share of the informal economy:
between 30% and 60% of GDP
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
The Realities of PPE (1)
 Many young people unable to go to school
 A formal TVET with little resources
and weak impact
 Serious difficulties of social and
professional integration among the youth
 A world of work that shows preference
for the less trained and less qualified
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
The Realities of PPE (2)
Training of young people entering into the labor market
Formal training
(about 5%)
Informal or
non-formal training (95%)
• On-the-job training
• Self training
• Traditional apprenticeship
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education:
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
On-going Changes in PPE
 Country strategies incorporating formal,
non formal and informal training
 Strong rise in alternative
vocational training mechanisms
 Emergence of public-private partnerships
 Increasing demand for skills associated with local,
sector-wide and rural development
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education :
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
Challenges (1)
 Define, design and implement policies, mechanisms
and content of training through partnerships
 Invest more and better in the training
of young people as well as of adults
 Put in place a national qualifications framework
to certify skills acquired formally, non-formally
and informally
 Make vocational education and training
more attractive
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education :
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
Challenges (2)
 Foster access and integration
of out-of-school youth, girls and ex-soldiers…
 Better training and qualification
for better integration
 Train young people to take initiative, be
autonomous and have an entrepreneurial spirit
 Train young people in strategic
and promising vocations
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ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa
Beyond primary education :
Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa
For a Renovated System of PPE
 How to set up a system in a process of
partnership?
 How to embed diverse training avenues in
a coherent overall system?
 How to link economic effectiveness and
social equity?
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