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Fourth Edition PART 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding the Contemporary Business Environment Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 1 Understanding the Business System Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-2 “In business you get what you want by giving other people what they want.” ~ Alice Foote MacDougall Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-3 Key Topics Nature and goals of business Global economic systems Private enterprise and competition Evaluating economic performance Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-4 Exercise Write four things do you know about business. Write 4 things you would like to know? Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-5 What Is Business? An organization that provides goods and services to earn profits Profits: The positive difference between revenues and expenses Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-6 Difference between business and nonprofit organizations? goals are quite different, the same skills (management, marketing, finance, etc.) are needed to be successful in both arenas. Discussion: What benefits do businesses offer society? (goods, services, employment, tax revenue, technological advances, etc.) Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-7 Factors of Production Labor Capital Information Resources Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. Physical Resources 1-8 Exercise pick a specific product or service that interests them, and to list the factors of production that were used to produce it. (Encourage them to make imaginative choices, Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1-9 How Are Factors of Production Allocated? Planned Economy: An economic system in which the government owns and operates all sources of production Market Economy: An economic system in which buyers and sellers interact based on freedom of choice Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 10 “Circular Flow in Market Economy” SUPPLY OUTPUT MARKETS DEMAND Goods Services FIRMS • Supply products in output markets • Demand resources in input markets DEMAND Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. HOUSEHOLDS INPUT MARKETS Labor Capital Entrepreneurs Physical Resources Information Resources • Demand products in output markets • Supply resources in input markets SUPPLY 1 - 11 Capitalism A Fundamentally Market-Based Economy Individuals Choose: Producers Choose: Where to work Who to hire What to buy What to produce How much to pay How much to charge Government supports private ownership and encourages entrepreneurship Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 12 Mixed Economies Planned and Market The economies of most countries include both planned and market elements Worldwide trend toward more market elements Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 13 Socialism A Mixed Economy Socialism is a planned economic system in which the government owns and operates selected sources of production Privatization: Process of converting government enterprises into privately owned companies Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 14 exercise Guess the 4 key elements of free enterprise? Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 15 The Palestinian Economy is a Private Enterprise System Individuals are free to pursue their own interests without government restriction Four Key Elements: 1. 2. 3. 4. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. Private Property Rights Freedom of Choice Profits Competition 1 - 16 Competition Competition motivates businesses to produce their products better or cheaper Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 17 Exercise What is the relationship between standard of living and quality of life? How is quality of life evaluated in different countries Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 18 Recessions & Depressions Recession: Aggregate output declines, unemployment increases Depression: Severe and long-lasting recession Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 19 Managing the Economy Stabilization Policy: Government policy designed to smooth out fluctuations in the economy Fiscal Policies Monetary Policies Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 20 Types of Policies Monetary Policy: Designed to control the amount of money flowing around the economy (the money supply). This policy is used to tackle inflation and balance of payments. Methods under this policy: 1. Interest rates: 2. The government may impose restrictions on financial institutions to affect borrowing. 3. The central bank can control bank assets and the amount of lending. Fiscal policy: Aims to control the total spending in the economy. 1. Government spending. 2. Change in direct taxation. 3. Change in indirect taxation. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 21 Looking to the Future Three Major Forces will drive the global economy for the next decade what are they? 1. The information revolution will continue to boost productivity 2. Technological breakthroughs will create new industries 3. Increasing globalization will create larger markets and tougher competition Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 1 - 22