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Computers: Tools for an Information Age Appendix The Continuing Story of the Computer Age: Past, Present, and Future Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall Objectives Describe the generations of computer design leading up to the present Describe the story of personal computer development Explain the underlying concepts and terms of artificial intelligence Explain the fundamentals of expert systems, robotics, and virtual reality Give examples of the impact these fields have on business and everyday life Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 2 The Computer Age Begins In about 55 years, we have leapfrogged through four generations of technology The vacuum tube The transistor The integrated circuit The microprocessor Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 3 Personal Computer Development Early personal computers The IBM PC standard The Microsoft/Intel standard Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 8 The Internet Revolution Two critical points in the history of the Internet ARPANET – a network of computers Designed as a Defense Department project The World Wide Web Dr. Tim Berners-Lee came up with the notion of hyperlinks Marc Andreesen produced the first graphical browser Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 12 Artificial Intelligence Explores how computers can be used for tasks that require the human characteristics of intelligence, imagination, and intuition Several subsets of interest Problem solving Natural languages Expert systems Robotics The AI debate Data mining Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 13 Virtual Reality (VR) User physically interacts with a computer-created environment Immersion – the user becomes totally absorbed with the interaction VR alters the user’s perception of reality Appeals to several senses at once Presents images that respond immediately to the user’s actions and movements Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 23 Potential VR Applications Consumers can browse for products in a virtual showroom A security guard can patrol corridors and offices in remote locations Doctors and medical students will be able to experiment with new procedures on simulated patients rather than real ones Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall 24